Financial
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Update: 12/13/02
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Money And Income
#$MonetaryValue monetary values
A specialization of #$ScalarInterval.
Each instance of this collection is a value by means of
which payments, wealth, capital, assets, etc., are measured.
Each instance of this collection is thus an abstract object,
not to be confused with the physical objects used as legal
tender. For those, see #$Currency,
though it is worth noting that each coin, bill, etc. that is
an instance of #$Currency, is
typically _stably associated with_ some particular instance
of #$MonetaryValue.
Nor is #$MonetaryValue
to be confused with the many and varied social practices
(such as a backed claim for a certain amount of physical
wealth payable by the government on demand), which create
money qua social institution and underpin all financial
transactions. For that, see #$Money-DevisedPractice. Since
instances of #$MonetaryValue
are not pure numbers but quantities of some particular
currency, they are denoted by means of the collection #$UnitOfMoney.
Each instance of this collection is a function which (like
many Cyc functions which are instances of #$UnitOfMeasure)
either takes one argument and returns a fixed amount of
money, e.g. (#$Dollar-Australia 4) or takes two arguments
and returns a range, e.g. (#$Shilling-Uganda 2 2000). Since
currencies may appreciate or depreciate in value over time,
and this information is sometimes relevant, it is possible
to index instances of #$UnitOfMoney
temporally by means of further functions. For example,
((#$USDollarFn 1997) 2) denotes the monetary value of 2 US
dollars in the year 1997. See also #$MoneyTransfer,
#$monetaryValueOfThing, #$cost, #$basicPrice.
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direct instance of:
#$FundamentalNumericScalarIntervalType
#$AtemporalNecessarilyEssentialCollectionType
direct specialization of:
#$ScalarInterval
#$MoneyTenderType types
of money tender
**COMMENT NOT REVIEWED**
**GAFs NOT REVIEWED**
A collection of collections. Each instance of #$MoneyTenderType
is a collection of objects of a type commonly offered in
payment for goods, services, fees, wage-work, and so on.
Notable instances of #$MoneyTenderType
include #$Currency, #$CreditCard,
and #$Check-TenderObject.
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direct instance of: #$SiblingDisjointCollectionType
#$SecondOrderCollection
direct specialization of:
#$ExistingObjectType
#$TenderObject items
of legal tender
An instance of #$ExistingObjectType,
and a specialization of #$LiquidAsset.
Each instance of #$TenderObject
is an object widely accepted as a means of payment for goods
and services, and can thus play the role of #$objectTendered
in instances of #$MoneyTransfer.
Important specializations of #$TenderObject
include #$Currency, #$CreditCard,
and #$Check-TenderObject.
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direct instance of:
#$ExistingObjectType
direct specialization of: #$HumanAccessibleIBO
direct generalization of:
#$FinancialAccountTenderObject
#$PrepaidTelephoneCard #$Currency #$BankDebitCard
#$CreditCard
#$Check-TenderObject
#$Currency items of currency
A specialization of #$TenderObject.
Each instance of #$Currency is a
physical object generally accepted as legal tender, and used
as a means of transferring a quantity of #$Money (q.v.)
between some instances of #$Agent. Instances of #$Currency may be
coins, items of precious metal, paper bills for which
precious objects are payable by a government to the bearer
on demand, or unbacked paper bills required by a government
to be accepted for payment of debts. Instances of #$Currency are
typically backed by and issued by national governments.
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direct instance of: #$TextualMaterialTypeByFunction
#$MoneyTenderType
direct specialization of:
#$TenderObject #$HardcopyInformationBearingObject #$TextualMaterial #$PortableObject
#$Dollar-UnitedStates US Dollar
**COMMENT NOT REVIEWED**
**GAFs NOT REVIEWED**
An instance of #$UnitOfMoney
(q.v). #$Dollar-UnitedStates
is a function which returns an instance of #$MonetaryValue
when applied to a real number (see the collection #$SubLRealNumber)
or a sequence of two real numbers. (#$Dollar-UnitedStates
10) denotes the instance of #$MonetaryValue
that is equivalent to 10 U.S. dollars. One #$Dollar-UnitedStates
is equivalent to 100 #$Cent-UnitedStates (q.v.).
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direct instance of:
#$UnitOfMoney
#$StandardUnitOfMeasure
#$UnitOfMeasureNoPrefix
#$Individual
#$Cent-UnitedStates cents
An instance of #$UnitOfMoney.
When applied to a number or a pair of numbers, #$Cent-UnitedStates
returns an instance of #$MonetaryValue.
For example, (#$Cent-UnitedStates
2) is two U.S. cents. #$Cent-UnitedStates
is the smallest unit of money used officially in the United
States of America; it is one-hundredth of a #$Dollar-UnitedStates (q.v.).
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direct instance of:
#$UnitOfMeasureWithPrefix
#$UnitOfMoney
#$Individual
#$FinancialAccountTenderObject financial
account tender object
A specialization of #$TenderObject.
Each instance of #$FinancialAccountTenderObject
is an object (e.g., a check or a credit card) that serves as
a means for offering payment in funds drawn on an associated
instance of #$FinancialAccount.
The liquidity of an instance of #$FinancialAccountTenderObject
depends on the status of the associated financial account
(see the predicates #$accountBalance
and #$accountStatus).
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direct instance of:
#$ExistingObjectType
direct specialization of:
#$TenderObject
direct generalization of:
#$Check-TenderObject
#$CreditCard
#$moneyTransferMode money
transfer mode
**COMMENT NOT REVIEWED**
**GAFs NOT REVIEWED**
(#$moneyTransferMode
TRANSACTION TYPE) means that in some particular money
transfer TRANSACTION, the #$MoneyTenderType
used in that transaction was TYPE, e.g., #$CreditCard,
#$Check-TenderObject, etc.
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direct instance of: #$BinaryPredicate
#$Check-TenderObject checks
A specialization of #$TenderObject.
Each instance of #$Check-TenderObject
is a financial instrument, drawn on a particular
#$CheckingAccount at some instance of #$FinancialOrganization
(q.v.), which is redeemable for a monetary value by the
agent who is the payee. The financial organization pays the
payee funds from the account, upon proper presentation of
the check. See also #$SaleByCheck.
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direct instance of: #$TextualMaterialTypeByFunction
#$MoneyTenderType
direct specialization of:
#$FinancialAccountTenderObject #$Form-StandardizedIBO #$IDDocument #$Paper-IBO
direct generalization of: #$PersonalCheck
#$SaleByCheck sales
by check
A specialization of #$Buying. Each
instance of #$SaleByCheck
is a buying event in which the payment tendered (see the
predicate #$objectTendered)
is an instance of #$Check-TenderObject (q.v.).
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direct instance of:
#$TemporalObjectType
direct specialization of:
#$Buying
#$CreditCard credit cards
A specialization of both #$Card and #$TenderObject.
Each instance of #$CreditCard is
a piece of plastic that enables authorized users to spend
the card-issuing company's money, drawn as a (usually
unsecured) loan through an associated instance of
#$CreditCardAccount (q.v.) under a pre-arranged credit
agreement. The credit card company credits the vendor of the
purchased goods or services and bills the card user (see #$Bill-PaymentRequest),
usually with interest. See also #$creditor, #$owesDebts.
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direct instance of: #$TextualMaterialTypeByFunction
#$MoneyTenderType
direct specialization of:
#$FinancialAccountTenderObject #$FreeSheet #$Card #$IDDocument
#$SaleByCreditCard credit
card sales
**COMMENT NOT REVIEWED**
**GAFs NOT REVIEWED**
A specialization of #$Buying. Each
instance of #$SaleByCreditCard
is a purchase in which the buyer (see the predicate #$buyer) pays by
using some instance of #$CreditCard (q.v.).
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direct instance of:
#$TemporalObjectType
direct specialization of:
#$Buying
#$LiquidAsset liquid assets
**COMMENT NOT REVIEWED**
**GAFs NOT REVIEWED**
A specialization of #$SomethingExisting.
Each instance of #$LiquidAsset
is either an instance of #$Currency or
some asset that is readily convertible to currency by
selling or borrowing against it. Examples of #$LiquidAssets
include stocks, bonds, and money market accounts.
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direct instance of:
#$ExistingObjectType
direct specialization of:
#$SomethingExisting
direct generalization of:
#$Currency
#$MonetaryFlowRate rates
of monetary flow
A specialization of #$MoneyRate.
Each instance of #$MonetaryFlowRate
is an amount of money taken with respect to some unit of
time. Instances of #$MonetaryFlowRate
include rates at which money is earned, spent, transferred,
lost, and invested. An example instance of #$MonetaryFlowRate
is (#$DollarsPerHour
10), $10 dollars per hour.
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direct instance of:
#$DerivedNumericScalarIntervalType
#$AtemporalNecessarilyEssentialCollectionType
direct specialization of:
#$MoneyRate
#$MoneyRate money rates
**COMMENT NOT REVIEWED**
**GAFs NOT REVIEWED**
A specialization of #$Rate. Each instance
of #$MoneyRate is
an amount of #$MonetaryValue
(q.v.) taken with respect to an amount of some other
quantity: e.g., $1.14 per gallon, $10,000 per acre, $250 per
week, and $0.89 per pound. Notable specializations of #$MoneyRate
include #$MoneyPerVolumeRate, #$MoneyPerAreaRate,
#$MoneyPerMassRate, and #$MonetaryFlowRate.
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direct instance of:
#$DerivedNumericScalarIntervalType
#$AtemporalNecessarilyEssentialCollectionType
direct specialization of:
#$Rate
direct generalization of:
#$MonetaryFlowRate
#$DollarsPerHour dollars
per hour
An instance of #$UnitOfMonetaryFlowRate.
When applied to a number or pair of numbers, #$DollarsPerHour
returns an instance of #$MonetaryFlowRate.
For example, (#$DollarsPerHour
20) is a monetary flow rate of 20 U.S. dollars per hour.
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direct instance of:
#$UnitOfMonetaryFlowRate
#$UnitOfMeasureNoPrefix
#$Individual
#$DollarsPerYear dollar
per year
**COMMENT NOT REVIEWED**
**GAFs NOT REVIEWED**
An instance of #$UnitOfMonetaryFlowRate.
When applied to a real number REAL (or a sequence of two
real numbers INTERVAL), #$DollarsPerYear
returns a #$MonetaryFlowRate
of REAL #$Dollar-UnitedStates
per year (respectively, INTERVAL #$Dollar-UnitedStates
per year.
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direct instance of:
#$UnitOfMonetaryFlowRate
#$UnitOfMeasureNoPrefix
#$Individual
#$income income
An instance of #$IntervalBasedQuantitySlot
(q.v.) that is used to state the income or wage of a person
or other agent in terms of a #$MonetaryFlowRate
(q.v.), such as #$DollarsPerYear
or #$DollarsPerHour.
(#$income
AGENT RATE) means that AGENT has the income or wage RATE.
Normally, a agent's yearly earnings are described as income
, while hourly earnings are called wages ; the predicate #$income
encompasses both of these.
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direct instance of:
#$IntervalBasedQuantitySlot
#$approximatePay salary
The predicate #$approximatePay
relates occupations to a typical range of pay offered to
workers in those occupations. (#$approximatePay
JOBTYPE RATE) means that a person working in the #$PersonTypeByOccupation
JOBTYPE makes approximately the #$MonetaryFlowRate
RATE as earned income. RATE might be expressed in, e.g., #$DollarsPerHour,
pounds-per-week, or yen-per-year. RATE refers to average pay
for the occupation JOBTYPE, excluding any unearned pay (such
as matching 401K contributions) and the value of other
employee benefits.
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direct instance of:
#$IntervalBasedQuantitySlot
Commercial Organizations And Accounts
#$CommercialServiceOrganization service companies
A specialization of #$CommercialOrganization.
Each instance of #$CommercialServiceOrganization
is a commercial organization which sells some service(s),
rather than tangible goods, as its main product. Some
tangible goods may accompany or supplement the main service
sold, but only as side products; for example, some instances
of #$HairSalon sell hair care products.
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direct instance of:
#$ExistingObjectType
direct specialization of:
#$CommercialOrganization #$ServiceOrganization
direct generalization of: #$FinancialCompany #$AirlineCompany
#$FoodServiceOrganization
#$ConstructionCompany
#$ServiceEstablishment
#$ServiceOrganization service organizations
A specialization of #$Organization.
Each instance of #$ServiceOrganization
is an organization whose main function is to provide some
service or services (as opposed, e.g., to mainly selling
goods or manufacturing products). A service organization
might or might not be a subsidiary or department in some
larger organization; it might or might not be a for-profit
organization (for-profit service organizations are instances
of the subcollection #$CommercialServiceOrganization).
Notable specializations of #$ServiceOrganization
include #$MedicalCareOrganization,
#$ShippingOrganization,
and #$Restaurant-Organization.
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direct instance of: #$OrganizationTypeByActivityType
#$ExistingObjectType
direct specialization of:
#$Organization
direct generalization of:
#$ContactPointSubOrganization
#$TransportationCompany
#$MedicalCareOrganization
#$InsuranceProvider
#$CommercialServiceOrganization
#$ServiceEstablishment commercial
service establishments
A specialization of both #$CommercialServiceOrganization
and #$SingleSiteLocalOrganizationWithClients.
Each instance of #$ServiceEstablishment
is a local, commercial service organization with a single
physical location. Notable specializations of #$ServiceEstablishment
include #$Restaurant-Organization
and #$Bar-DrinkingEstablishment.
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direct instance of:
#$ExistingObjectType
direct specialization of:
#$CommercialServiceOrganization #$Business #$SingleSiteLocalOrganizationWithClients
direct generalization of:
#$Pharmacy
#$Restaurant-Organization
#$FinancialOrganization financial organizations
#$FinancialOrganization
is a specialization of #$Organization.
Each instance of #$FinancialOrganization
is primarily or significantly engaged in the
#$FinancialIndustry or whose activities focus on that
industry. Instances of both #$CommercialServiceOrganizations
(e.g., banks and brokerage houses) and #$NonProfitOrganizations
(e.g., #$InternationalMonetaryFund) may be instances of #$FinancialOrganization.
Specializations of #$FinancialOrganization
include #$BankCompany,
#$FinancialExchange, and #$InvestmentOrganization.
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direct instance of: #$OrganizationTypeByIndustry #$ExistingObjectType
direct specialization of:
#$Organization
direct generalization of: #$FinancialCompany
#$SellingOrganization selling organizations
A specialization of #$Organization
and #$Vendor. Each instance of #$SellingOrganization
is an organization whose main function is to sell things by
conducting sales activities. Specializations include
#$SalesDepartment, #$AdvertisingAgency, and #$RetailOrganization.
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direct instance of: #$OrganizationTypeByActivityType
#$ExistingObjectType
direct specialization of: #$Vendor #$Organization
direct generalization of:
#$RetailOrganization
#$RetailOrganization retail organizations
A collection of organizations. Each instance of #$RetailOrganization
is an organization that engages primarily in selling goods
or services to end-users or consumers, rather than to
wholesale customers. Specializations of #$RetailOrganization
include the collections #$RetailStore
and #$AutoDealership.
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direct instance of:
#$ExistingObjectType
direct specialization of:
#$SellingOrganization
direct generalization of:
#$RetailStore
#$SingleSiteLocalOrganizationWithClients local
customer contact points
#$SingleSiteLocalOrganizationWithClients
is a specialization of both #$SingleSiteOrganization
and #$LocalOrganization.
Each instance of #$SingleSiteLocalOrganizationWithClients
is a single-site organization serving customers in a local
area, working from a particular store, office, or other
physical quarters where customers (or their agents) go in
person to speak with company representatives about the
services or products offered. Instances of #$SingleSiteLocalOrganizationWithClients
may be either stand-alone organizations or sub-organization
of a larger company. Notable specializations of #$SingleSiteLocalOrganizationWithClients
include #$Pharmacy,
#$AutoDealership,
and #$Hospital.
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direct instance of:
#$ExistingObjectType
direct specialization of:
#$OrganizationWithClients #$ContactPointSubOrganization #$LocalOrganization #$SingleSiteOrganization
direct generalization of: #$VeterinaryHospital #$Pharmacy
#$Hospital #$ServiceEstablishment
#$ProfessionalOffice
#$AccountType types
of account
A collection of collections and a specialization of
#$ObjectType.
Each instance of #$AccountType
is a collection of financial accounts of the same type.
Instances of #$AccountType
include #$SavingsAccount, #$CreditCardAccount,
#$RetirementAccount, #$SocialSecurityAccount, and #$TravelExpenseAccount.
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direct instance of: #$SiblingDisjointCollectionType
#$SecondOrderCollection
#$AtemporalNecessarilyEssentialCollectionType
direct specialization of:
#$ObjectType
#$Account accounts
(agreements) (pit) (contexts)
An instance of #$ObjectType and a
specialization of #$LegalAgreement. Each instance of #$Account is a
recorded obligation (of some particular type) between
specified parties, consisting of funds (not necessarily
monetary funds) which typically can be added to and drawn
upon. Positive examples include instances of
#$RetirementAccount, #$TravelExpenseAccount, and of the many
types of #$FinancialAccount.
Note that the contents of an account need not be monetary;
for example, the contents may be amounts of time, as in the
specializations #$VacationAccount and #$SickLeaveAccount. #$Account does not
include debt obligations of fixed face value that cannot be
increased or reduced (such as instances of #$Bond-Agreement).
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direct instance of:
#$TemporalStuffType
#$AccountType
direct specialization of:
#$AuthorizedAgreement #$LegalAgreement
direct generalization of:
#$FinancialAccount
#$FinancialAccount financial accounts
**COMMENT NOT REVIEWED**
**GAFs NOT REVIEWED**
A specialization of #$Account. Each
instance of #$FinancialAccount
is an account which is denominated in units of #$MonetaryValue
(q.v.). Specializations of #$FinancialAccount
include #$BankAccount, #$CreditCardAccount, and #$VendorAccount.
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direct instance of:
#$TemporalStuffType
#$AccountType
direct specialization of:
#$Account
#$accountStatus-Coll account
status - coll
**COMMENT NOT REVIEWED**
**GAFs NOT REVIEWED**
The predicate #$accountStatus indicates whether a
particular account is paid up, overdue, delinquent, etc.
(#$accountStatus ACCT STATUS) means that the #$Account ACCT has
the attribute STATUS (see also #$AccountStatusAttribute).
guid: 008111f2-7f00-11d6-8000-0001023560cc
direct instance of: #$BinaryPredicate
direct specialization of:
#$isa
#$AccountStatusAttribute-Coll account
statuses (mathematical concepts)
**COMMENT NOT REVIEWED**
**GAFs NOT REVIEWED**
A specialization of #$AttributeValue.
Each instance of #$AccountStatusAttribute is an obligational
status of some instance of #$Account.
Instances of #$AccountStatusAttribute include #$PaidInFull,
#$InComplianceWithPaymentSchedule, #$PaymentOverdue, and #$AccountInactive.
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direct instance of: #$SiblingDisjointCollectionType
direct specialization of:
#$Collection
#$accountAdministrator account administrator
The predicate #$accountAdministrator
identifies the agent who administers a particular account
(i.e. recorded obligation of some particular type between
specified parties). (#$accountAdministrator
ACCT AGENT) means that the #$Account ACCT is
administered by the individual or organization (often a
bank) AGENT. See also #$AccountManager.
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direct instance of: #$IntangibleObjectPredicate #$FunctionalPredicate
#$BinaryPredicate
direct specialization of:
#$temporallyIntersects
#$accountHolder account holder
A binary predicate which relates instances of #$Agent to instances of
#$Account.
(#$accountHolder
ACCT AGENT) means that the account ACCT is held by the
individual or organization AGENT; thus, money (or some other
valuable such as vacation leave) is owed to or from AGENT in
the amount shown in the account (see #$accountBalance),
and can be added to or drawn upon.
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direct instance of:
#$CotemporalObjectsSlot
#$accountBalance balance
(interval based quantity slot) (quantity slot)
(predicate that is functional in its second argument)
The predicate #$accountBalance
is used to indicate the balance of a particular account. (#$accountBalance
ACCT BAL) means that the #$FinancialAccount
ACCT has the balance BAL; BAL is the amount of #$MonetaryValue
either owed by, or available to, the #$accountHolder
(depending upon the type of account).
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direct instance of:
#$IntervalBasedQuantitySlot
Commercial Activities
#$ServiceEvent services
A specialization of #$HelpingAnAgent. Each instance
of #$ServiceEvent
is an event in which one or more agents (related to the
event via the predicate #$providerOfService)
do something for one or more other agents (related to the
event via the predicate #$recipientOfService).
A service event may involve maintenance, repair, or
refurbishing of some object belonging to the recipient(s) of
the service (including care of his/her person), or it may
involve gathering or transmitting information, providing
advice, entertainment, transportation, etc. to the
recipient(s). Service events may or may not be done for payment.
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direct instance of: #$ProductByGenericType #$TemporalObjectType
direct specialization of: #$Product #$HelpingAnAgent
direct generalization of:
#$Renting #$Constructing
#$ServingFoodOrDrink
#$PreparingFoodOrDrink
#$EntertainmentPerformance
#$EntertainmentEvent
#$MedicalCareEvent
#$MedicalTreatmentEvent
#$DeliveringSomeoneSomething #$Teaching
#$BusinessEvent business events
A specialization of both #$SocialOccurrence
and #$HumanActivity.
Each instance of #$BusinessEvent
is a purposeful activity that is closely associated with,
and either helps or hinders, the business purpose of some
agent. Examples include the development of General Motors'
business plan for 2003, an individual sales call on a
particular customer, printing the 2003 Yellow Pages
directory for the Los Angeles area, selling a newspaper, and
designing and manufacturing a new memory chip. #$BusinessEvent
does _not_ include any purely social or recreational events.
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direct instance of:
#$DefaultDisjointScriptType
#$TemporalObjectType
direct specialization of:
#$SocialOccurrence
direct generalization of:
#$BusinessRelationshipActivity
#$Advertising #$SalesActivity
#$SalesActivity sales activities
**COMMENT NOT REVIEWED**
**GAFs NOT REVIEWED**
A collection of events. Each instance of #$SalesActivity
is an event which the performing agent does in an effort to
achieve a subsequent sale to a second agent. Types (i.e.,
subcollections) of #$SalesActivity
include #$Advertising, telemarketing, showing sample and/or
actual products to customers in a show room or a store.
Instances of #$SalesActivity
which are successful lead to corresponding instances of #$Buying. Note: #$SalesActivity
does NOT include manufacturing, accounting, and other such
ancillary business activities.
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direct instance of:
#$DefaultDisjointScriptType
#$TemporalObjectType
direct specialization of:
#$CommercialActivity #$BusinessEvent
direct generalization of: #$MarketingActivity
#$BuyingActivity buying activities
**COMMENT NOT REVIEWED**
**GAFs NOT REVIEWED**
A specialization of #$SelectingSomething and
#$CommercialActivity. #$BuyingActivity
is a collection of events that are very generally related to
purchasing goods or services. Each instance of #$BuyingActivity
is an event that is either (i) a common prelude to buying
(i.e., the kinds of activities that contribute to their
doers becoming buyers), or (ii) an instance of #$Buying itself.
Examples of #$BuyingActivity
include shopping for, or ordering, something very specific,
and also general expressions of interest in purchasing
something, such as placing an `Item Wanted' ad in a newspaper.
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direct instance of:
#$DefaultDisjointScriptType
#$TemporalObjectType
direct specialization of: #$SelectingSomething #$CommercialActivity
direct generalization of:
#$Buying
#$Buying orders
(transactions involving money) (social events)
A specialization of #$MonetaryExchangeOfUserRights
and #$BuyingActivity.
Each instance of #$Buying is an
event in which an agent (see #$buyer and
#$buyingPerformer) voluntarily pays to acquire something
tangible or intangible, or for the performance of a service,
which another agent sells in the event (see #$seller and
#$sellingPerformer). Payment might be either in money or via
the exchange of other assets. A buying event might include
subevents of negotiating, paying, and the transferring of
the purchased thing to the buyer. Examples of #$Buying include:
purchasing fighter jets for the Navy; buying a Pepsi from a
vending machine; ordering dinner at a restaurant; acquiring
a life insurance policy for oneself; mail-ordering clothes
from Sears; shopping at a farmers' market.
guid: bd58cbda-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of:
#$DefaultDisjointScriptType
#$TemporalObjectType
direct specialization of:
#$MonetaryExchangeOfUserRights #$BuyingActivity
direct generalization of:
#$SaleByCheck
#$SaleByCreditCard
#$Renting renting events
A specialization of both #$MonetaryExchangeOfUserRights
and #$TemporaryChangeOfUserRights.
Each instance of #$Renting is an
event during which one agent grants to another agent the use
of an object (owned or controlled by the first agent) for a
period of time, in exchange for some remuneration. The
schedule of payment may vary, depending upon the rental
period, type of object involved, type of usage granted,
and/or other considerations. The agent providing the object
to rent is related to the instance of #$Renting by the
predicate #$fromPossessor
(q.v.); the agent paying to use the object is related to the
instance of #$Renting by the
predicate #$toPossessor
(q.v.). Those agents enter into an #$Agreement
(q.v.). Examples of #$Renting might
include: Fred renting a particular apartment last year; Jane
renting a car all this week; Jack renting a canoe on
Saturday morning.
guid: bd58d7bd-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of:
#$AccessingScriptType
#$DefaultDisjointScriptType
direct specialization of:
#$ServiceEvent #$MakingSomethingAvailable #$TemporaryChangeOfUserRights #$MonetaryExchangeOfUserRights
#$Paying payments
A specialization of #$MoneyTransaction.
Each instance of #$Paying is an
event in which one agent (the payer, who is related to the
event via the predicate #$payer) pays money to another agent
(the payee, who is related to the event via the predicate #$toPossessor).
In each instance of #$Paying, the payer
gives the payee full use rights (see the constant #$FullUseRights)
to the money transferred to the payee. Instances of #$Paying include
the following: (1) all instances of #$Buying and #$Renting (qq.v.)
contain (at least one) sub-event which is an instance of #$Paying; (2)
making charitable contributions; (3) paying off one's
gambling debts; (4) paying an employee's salary or a child's
allowance. Writing a check or offering a credit card in
payment are sub-events of paying events; such payings are
successful only if the check is not lost or stolen, if it
clears the bank, and so on. On the other hand, filling out a
pledge card (e.g., for United Way) is _not_ considered an
instance of #$Paying, or even a
sub-event of an instance of #$Paying, because
it does not involve or initiate any legal reassignment of
rights to the money.
guid: bd590a1d-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of:
#$DefaultDisjointScriptType
#$TemporalObjectType
direct specialization of:
#$TransferringOwnership #$MoneyTransaction
#$MoneyTransaction transactions
involving money
A specialization of both #$CommercialActivity and
#$MoneyTransfer.
Each instance of #$MoneyTransaction
is an event in which a transfer of money occurs, and the
transfer is done in exchange for something else, according
to some (implicit or explicit) agreement. Thus, buying
something, investing, making a donation, executing a
bequest, and exchanging currency are all examples of money transactions.
guid: bd589db3-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of:
#$DefaultDisjointScriptType
#$TemporalObjectType
direct specialization of:
#$CommercialActivity #$MoneyTransfer
direct generalization of:
#$MonetaryExchangeOfUserRights
#$Paying
#$ContractNegotiation contract negotiations
**COMMENT NOT REVIEWED**
**GAFs NOT REVIEWED**
The collection of negotiations intended to lead to
the formation of a contract between the participants (or the
parties they represent in the negotiations).
guid: bd5ad3ec-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of:
#$TemporalObjectType
direct specialization of: #$Negotiating
#$AuthorizedAgreement authorized agreements
A specialization of #$Agreement.
Each instance of #$Agreement is a
generic agreement that is authorized by one of the agreeing
parties (typically by the issuer of the document embodying
the agreement). #$AuthorizedAgreements
are generic in the sense that their authorizing agents are
party to many similar agreements; for that reason, an #$AuthorizedAgreement
is typically given a unique identification number. Notable
positive examples include bank accounts, driver's licenses,
and stock certificates.
guid: bd58b01c-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of:
#$ObjectType
direct specialization of:
#$Agreement
direct generalization of:
#$Stock #$Account
#$Warranty
#$PurchaseRequisitionDocument purchase
requisition forms
**COMMENT NOT REVIEWED**
**GAFs NOT REVIEWED**
A collection of documents. Each element of #$PurchaseRequisitionDocument
is a text document sent within an organization, to a
purchasing agent, in order to request that the organization
purchase some particular item(s). Such a document may
require authorization by the requestor's superior before it
is recognized as a legitimate request.
guid: bd58f068-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of: #$TextualMaterialTypeByFunction
direct specialization of:
#$Form-StandardizedIBO
#$basicPrice price
(#$basicPrice
OBJECT MONEY) means that in order to buy the #$TemporalThing
OBJECT one needs to pay the #$MonetaryValue
MONEY, where MONEY can be either a discrete quantity or an
interval. #$basicPrice
should be distinguished from the (rather different)
predicates #$appraisedValue and #$cost (qq.v).
For the price at which an item was bought some time in the
past, see #$bookValue. For the total charge for purchase of
an object, including tax, shipping, handling, etc., see #$totalCharge.
For relating #$Buying events to
the basic price of items bought during those events, see
#$basicPrice-Event. Since prices are time-sensitive,
assertions about #$basicPrice
should be suitably qualified.
guid: bd588c7f-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of:
#$IntervalBasedQuantitySlot
direct specialization of: #$monetaryValueOfThing
#$costPerQuantity cost
per quantity
**COMMENT NOT REVIEWED**
**GAFs NOT REVIEWED**
The predicate #$costPerQuantity
gives the price for a measured amount of some type of stuff.
(#$costPerQuantity
STUFF UNITS QUANTITY PRICE) means that this kind of STUFF
costs PRICE for each QUANTITY of UNITS. For example, #$Milk,
as measured by volume (i.e., by the predicate #$volumeOfObject),
costs about US $3 per gallon.
guid: bd589747-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of: #$QuaternaryPredicate
#$totalCharge price
**GAFs NOT REVIEWED**
(#$totalCharge
THING MONEY) means that the total charge for all goods,
services, #$salesTax and other taxes, shipping and handling,
delivery charges, discounts, etc., in order to buy the #$TemporalThing
THING is the #$MonetaryValue
MONEY. For the thing's price without such extra charges, see
#$basicPrice.
This predicate is not to be confused with
#$totalCharge-Event, which is the total charge not for a
(purchased) thing but for a given #$Buying event. See
also #$cost.
guid: bd58fde5-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of:
#$IntervalBasedQuantitySlot
direct specialization of:
#$cost
#$Bill-PaymentRequest bills
A specialization of #$TextualMaterial.
Each instance of #$Bill-PaymentRequest
is a written notification of a demand or request made by a
creditor (or its agent) to a debtor, for payment of a debt
(see #$PaymentObligation) previously incurred for some loan,
goods, or services. Instances of #$Bill-PaymentRequest
include telephone bills, tax bills, department store bills,
cleaning bills, and fuel bills. Note that this collection
includes only actual physical copies of bills -- for the
information contained in a given bill (which might be
reproduced in more than one physical copy of it), see #$Bill-PaymentRequest-PIT.
Nor is this mere piece of paper to be construed as the
actual request (or demand) for money (for which see
collections such as #$Requesting-CommunicationAct).
See also the predicate #$owesDebts.
guid: bd58d7b1-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of: #$TextualMaterialTypeByFunction
direct specialization of:
#$TextualMaterial
#$Bill-PaymentRequest-PIT bill
payment request pit
**COMMENT NOT REVIEWED**
**GAFs NOT REVIEWED**
A collection of abstract (informational) objects; a
subset of #$TextMicrotheory.
Each element of #$Bill-PaymentRequest-PIT
is a formal request for payment (for products or services);
the informational content of a #$Bill-PaymentRequest.
Typically, this information includes the name and address of
the billing agent; the name, address, account number (if
there is one) of the debtor; the amount owed and
where/how/when to remit it.
guid: c10c1ee8-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of:
#$MicrotheoryType
#$ObjectType
direct specialization of:
#$TextMicrotheory
#$seller seller
The predicate #$seller relates an
agent to an event in which some item is sold. (#$seller EXCHANGE
AGENT) means that the #$Agent AGENT sells
something in the #$MonetaryExchangeOfUserRights EXCHANGE.
guid: bd58f14e-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of: #$AgentiveRole
direct specialization of:
#$exchangers
#$sellsProductType Retail
This predicate relates a given legal agent (see #$LegalAgent) to a
specific type of product s/he/it sells. (#$sellsProductType
AGENT PRODTYPE) means that AGENT sells PRODTYPE. For
example, McDonald's sells hamburgers. The implication is
AGENT typically and often sells products of PRODTYPE. See
also #$ProductProviderFn-Seller.
guid: bd589ee1-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of: #$BinaryPredicate
direct specialization of:
#$knowsAbout
#$amountOfSalesByToDuring amount
of sales by to during
**COMMENT NOT REVIEWED**
**GAFs NOT REVIEWED**
The predicate #$amountOfSalesByToDuring
is used to indicate how much of a certain product was sold
by a particular seller to a particular buyer. (#$amountOfSalesByToDuring
SELLER BUYER TIMEPD PRODTYPE REVENUE) means that, during the
#$TimeInterval
TIMEPD, SELLER (an #$Agent) sold to BUYER
(another #$Agent)
some amount of the #$ProductType PRODTYPE, worth the total
amount of #$MonetaryValue
REVENUE. For example, to say that a restaurant,
#$Threadgills, sold $3000 worth of their pumpkin pies to a
local grocery store in November, we would say: (#$amountOfSalesByToDuring
#$Threadgills HEBAt2222 (#$MonthFn #$November
(#$YearFn 1996))
#$PumpkinPie (#$Dollar-UnitedStates 3000)).
guid: c10af991-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of:
#$FunctionalPredicate
#$QuintaryPredicate
#$buyer buyer
An #$AgentiveRole (q.v.) and specialization of #$exchangers
that relates a given #$MonetaryExchangeOfUserRights
event to the paying #$Agent(s) in that event. (#$buyer EXCHANGE
BUYER) means that BUYER purchases goods or services or
access rights for sale in EXCHANGE. BUYER might make the
purchase either directly or through an agent. Also see and
compare #$buyingPerformer and #$buyingAgent.
guid: bd58d07b-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of: #$AgentiveRole
direct specialization of:
#$exchangers
#$rents rents
(asymmetric binary predicate) (cotemporal predicate)
(antisymmetric binary predicate)
The predicate #$rents relates an
agent to something that the agent is renting. (#$rents AGENT OBJ)
means that the #$Agent AGENT is renting
the #$PartiallyTangible
OBJ from some other agent; that is, AGENT is paying the
other agent for temporary use and enjoyment of OBJ. See also
#$TemporaryUserRightsAgreement, #$TemporaryChangeOfUserRights,
#$Renting.
guid: c10c1e8f-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of: #$AsymmetricBinaryPredicate #$CotemporalObjectsSlot
direct specialization of: #$awareOf
#$objectOfPossessionTransfer thing
changing possession
#$objectOfPossessionTransfer
relates an event (more specifically, an instance of #$ChangeInUserRights)
to an object (an instance of #$SomethingExisting)
the user rights to which are transferred during that event.
(#$objectOfPossessionTransfer
EVENT OBJECT) means that in EVENT, all or some rights to use
OBJECT are transferred from one agent (the #$fromPossessor)
to another (the #$toPossessor).
Since EVENT is an instance of #$ChangeInUserRights,
it could be (among other things) a buying, renting, lending,
or repossessing.
guid: bd58f4cf-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of: #$ActorUseTypeSlot
direct specialization of:
#$transferredThing
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