13.6 ÐÞ¸ÄÕÊ»§

¡¡¡¡ÔÚUNIX® µÄ´¦ÀíÓû§ÕÊ»§µÄ»·¾³ÖÐÓкܶ಻ͬµÄÃüÁî¿ÉÓÃ. ×îÆÕͨµÄÃüÁîÈçÏ£¬ ½ÓÏÂÀ´ÊÇÏêϸʹÓÃËüÃǵÄÀý×Ó¡£

ÃüÁî ÕªÒª
adduser(8) ÔÚÃüÁîÐÐÌí¼ÓÐÂÓû§.
rmuser(8) ÔÚÃüÁîÐÐɾ³ýÓû§.
chpass(1) Ò»¸öÁé»îµÄÓÃÓÚÐÞ¸ÄÓû§Êý¾Ý¿âÐÅÏ¢µÄ¹¤¾ß.
passwd(1) Ò»¸öÓÃÓÚÐÞ¸ÄÓû§¿ÚÁîµÄ¼òµ¥µÄÃüÁîÐй¤¾ß.
pw(8) Ò»¸öÇ¿´óÁé»îÐÞ¸ÄÓû§ÕÊ»§µÄ¹¤¾ß.

13.6.1 Ìí¼ÓÓû§

¡¡¡¡adduser(8) ÊÇÒ»¸ö¼òµ¥µÄÌí¼ÓÐÂÓû§µÄÃüÁî. ËüΪÓû§´´½¨ passwd ºÍ group Îļþ¡£ ËüҲΪÐÂÓû§´´½¨Ò»¸öÖ÷Ŀ¼£¬ Ö®ºó£¬ Ëü»á¸´ÖÆÒ»×éĬÈϵÄÅäÖÃÎļþ (¡°dotfiles¡±) ´Ó /usr/share/skel Õâ¸öĿ¼£¬ È»ºó¸øÐÂÓû§·¢ËÍÒ»·â´ø»¶Ó­ÐÅÏ¢µÄÓʼþ¡£

Àý 13-1. ÔÚ FreeBSD ÖÐÌí¼ÓÒ»¸öÐÂÓû§

# adduser
Username: jru
Full name: J. Random User Uid (Leave empty for default):
Login group [jru]:
Login group is jru. Invite jru into other groups? []: wheel
Login class [default]:
Shell (sh csh tcsh zsh nologin) [sh]: zsh
Home directory [/home/jru]:
Home directory permissions (Leave empty for default):
Use password-based authentication? [yes]:
Use an empty password? (yes/no) [no]:
Use a random password? (yes/no) [no]:
Enter password:
Enter password again:
Lock out the account after creation? [no]:
Username   : jru
Password   : ****
Full Name  : J. Random User
Uid        : 1001
Class      :
Groups     : jru wheel
Home       : /home/jru
Shell      : /usr/local/bin/zsh
Locked     : no
OK? (yes/no): yes
adduser: INFO: Successfully added (jru) to the user database.
Add another user? (yes/no): no Goodbye!
#

×¢Òâ: ÄúÊäÈëµÄ¿ÚÁî²¢²»»á»ØÏÔµ½ÆÁÄ»ÉÏ£¬ ´ËÍâϵͳҲ²»»áÏÔʾÐǺš£ ÇëÎñ±ØÈ·±£Ã»ÓÐÊä´í¿ÚÁî¡£

13.6.2 ɾ³ýÓû§

¡¡¡¡Äú¿ÉÒÔʹÓÃrmuser(8) ´ÓϵͳÖÐÍêȫɾ³ýÒ»¸öÓû§. rmuser(8) Ö´ÐÐÈçϲ½Öè:

  1. ɾ³ýÓû§µÄ crontab(1) ¼Ç¼ (Èç¹ûÓеϰ).

  2. ɾ³ýÊôÓÚÓû§µÄat(1) ¹¤×÷.

  3. ɱµôÊôÓÚÓû§µÄËùÓнø³Ì.

  4. ɾ³ý±¾µØ¿ÚÁîÎļþÖеÄÓû§.

  5. ɾ³ýÓû§µÄÖ÷Ŀ¼ (Èç¹ûËûÓÐ×Ô¼ºµÄÖ÷Ŀ¼).

  6. ɾ³ýÀ´×Ô /var/mailÊôÓÚÓû§µÄÓʼþ.

  7. ɾ³ýËùÓÐÖîÈç /tmpµÄÁÙʱÎļþ´æ´¢ÇøÖеÄÎļþ.

  8. ×îºó, ɾ³ý /etc/groupÖÐËùÓÐÊôÓÚ×éµÄ¸ÃÓû§Ãû.

    ×¢Òâ: Èç¹ûÒ»¸ö×é±ä³É¿Õ£¬¶ø×éÃûºÍÓû§ÃûÒ»Ñù,×齫±»É¾³ý. adduser(8)ÃüÁÁ¢Ã¿¸öÓû§Î¨Ò»µÄ×é.

¡¡¡¡rmuser(8) ²»ÄÜÓÃÀ´É¾³ý³¬¼¶Óû§µÄÕÊ»§, ÒòΪÄÇÑù×öÊǶÔϵͳ¼«´óµÄÆÆ»µ.

¡¡¡¡Ä¬ÈÏÇé¿öÏÂ, ʹÓý»»¥Ä£Ê½, ÕâÑùÄܹ»ÈÃÄúÇå³þµÄÖªµÀÄúÔÚ×öʲô.

Àý 13-2. ɾ³ýÓû§ ½»»¥Ä£Ê½ÏµÄÕÊ»§É¾³ý

# rmuser jru Matching password entry:
jru:*:1001:1001::0:0:J. Random User:/home/jru:/usr/local/bin/zsh Is this the entry you wish to remove? y Remove user's home directory (/home/jru)? y Updating password file, updating databases, done.
Updating group file: trusted (removing group jru -- personal group is empty) done.
Removing user's incoming mail file /var/mail/jru: done.
Removing files belonging to jru from /tmp: done.
Removing files belonging to jru from /var/tmp: done.
Removing files belonging to jru from /var/tmp/vi.recover: done.
#

13.6.3 chpass

¡¡¡¡chpass(1) ¿ÉÒԸıäÓû§µÄ¿ÚÁî, shells, ºÍ°üÀ¨¸öÈËÐÅÏ¢ÔÚÄÚµÄÊý¾Ý¿âÐÅÏ¢.

¡¡¡¡Ö»ÓÐϵͳ¹ÜÀíÔ±£¬ ¼´³¬¼¶Óû§£¬ ²Å¿ÉÒÔÓà chpass(1) ¸Ä±äÆäËûÓû§¿ÚÁîºÍÐÅÏ¢¡£

¡¡¡¡³ýÁË¿ÉÑ¡ÔñµÄÓû§Ãû£¬ ²»ÐèÒªÈκÎÑ¡Ï chpass(1) ½«ÏÔʾһ¸ö°üº¬Óû§ÐÅÏ¢µÄ±à¼­Æ÷. ¿ÉÒÔÊÔͼ¸Ä±äÓû§ÔÚÊý¾Ý¿âÖеÄÐÅÏ¢.

×¢Òâ: Èç¹ûÄú²»Êdz¬¼¶Óû§µÄ»°£¬ ÔÚÍ˳ö±à¼­×´Ì¬Ö®ºó£¬ ϵͳ»áѯÎÊÄú¿ÚÁî¡£

Àý 13-3. ÒÔ³¬¼¶Óû§½»»¥Ö´ÐÐ chpass ÃüÁî

#Changing user database information for jru.
Login: jru
Password: *
Uid [#]: 1001
Gid [# or name]: 1001
Change [month day year]:
Expire [month day year]:
Class:
Home directory: /home/jru
Shell: /usr/local/bin/zsh
Full Name: J. Random User
Office Location:
Office Phone:
Home Phone:
Other information:

¡¡¡¡ÆÕͨÓû§Ö»ÄܸıäËûÃÇ×Ô¼ººÜÉÙµÄÒ»²¿·ÖÐÅÏ¢.

Àý 13-4. ÒÔÆÕͨÓû§½»»¥Ö´ÐÐ chpass ÃüÁî

#Changing user database information for jru.
Shell: /usr/local/bin/zsh
Full Name: J. Random User
Office Location:
Office Phone:
Home Phone:
Other information:

×¢Òâ: chfn(1) ºÍ chsh(1) Ö»Êǵ½ chpass(1) µÄ·ûºÅÁ¬½Ó£¬ ÀàËÆµØ£¬ ypchpass(1), ypchfn(1) ÒÔ¼° ypchsh(1) Ò²ÊÇÕâÑù¡£ NIS ÊÇ×Ô¶¯Ö§³ÖµÄ£¬ ²»Ò»¶¨ÒªÔÚÃüÁîǰָ¶¨ yp¡£ Èç¹ûÕâÈÃÄúÓе㲻̫Ã÷°×£¬ ²»±Øµ£ÐÄ£¬ NIS ½«ÔÚ µÚ 29 Õ ½éÉÜ¡£

13.6.4 passwdÃüÁî

¡¡¡¡passwd(1) ÊǸıäÄú×Ô¼º×÷Ϊһ¸öÆÕͨÓû§¿ÚÁî»òÕß×÷Ϊ³¬¼¶Óû§¿ÚÁî³£Óõķ½·¨.

×¢Òâ: Óû§¸Ä±ä¿ÚÁîǰ±ØÐë¼üÈëÔ­À´µÄ¿ÚÁî, ·ÀÖ¹Óû§À뿪ÖÕ¶Ëʱ·ÇÊÚȨµÄÓû§½øÈë¸Ä±äºÏ·¨Óû§µÄ¿ÚÁî¡£

Àý 13-5. ¸Ä±äÄúµÄ¿ÚÁî

% passwd Changing local password for jru.
Old password:
New password:
Retype new password:
passwd: updating the database...
passwd: done

Àý 13-6. ¸Ä±äÆäËûÓû§µÄ¿ÚÁîͬ³¬¼¶Óû§µÄÒ»Ñù

# passwd jru Changing local password for jru.
New password:
Retype new password:
passwd: updating the database...
passwd: done

×¢Òâ: ¾ÍÏó chpass(1)Ò»Ñù, yppasswd(1) Ö»ÊÇÒ»¸öµ½ passwd(1)µÄÁ¬½Ó, ËùÒÔNISÓÃÈκÎÒ»¸öÃüÁî¶¼¿ÉÒÔÕý³£¹¤×÷.

13.6.5 pwÃüÁî

¡¡¡¡pw(8) ÊÇÒ»¸öÓÃÀ´´´½¨¡¢É¾³ý¡¢Ð޸ġ¢ÏÔʾÓû§ºÍ×éµÄÃüÁîÐй¤¾ß¡£ Ëü»¹ÓÐϵͳÓû§ºÍ×éÎļþ±à¼­Æ÷µÄ¹¦ÄÜ¡£ pw(8) ÓÐÒ»¸ö·Ç³£Ç¿´óµÄÃüÁîÐÐÑ¡ÏîÉèÖ㬠µ«ÐÂÓû§¿ÉÄÜ»á¾õµÃËü±ÈÕâÀï½²µÄÆäËüÃüÁîÒª¸´ÔӺܶࡣ

±¾ÎĵµºÍÆäËüÎĵµ¿É´ÓÕâÀïÏÂÔØ£ºftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/doc/.

Èç¹û¶ÔÓÚFreeBSDÓÐÎÊÌ⣬ÇëÏÈÔĶÁÎĵµ£¬Èç²»Äܽâ¾öÔÙÁªÏµ<questions@FreeBSD.org>.
¹ØÓÚ±¾ÎĵµµÄÎÊÌâÇë·¢ÐÅÁªÏµ <doc@FreeBSD.org>.