28.3 sendmail ÅäÖÃ

×÷ÕߣºChristopher Shumway.

¡¡¡¡sendmail(8) ÊÇ FreeBSD ÖеÄĬÈÏÓʼþ´«Êä´úÀí (MTA)¡£ sendmail µÄÈÎÎñÊÇ´ÓÓʼþÓû§´úÀí (MUA) ½ÓÊÕÓʼþÈ»ºó¸ù¾ÝÅäÖÃÎļþµÄ¶¨Òå°ÑËüÃÇË͸øÅäÖúõĵļÄËͳÌÐò¡£ sendmail Ò²ÄܽÓÊÜÍøÂçÁ¬½Ó£¬ ²¢ÇÒ·¢ËÍÓʼþµ½±¾µØÓÊÏä»òÕß·¢ËÍËüµ½ÆäËü³ÌÐò¡£

¡¡¡¡sendmail ʹÓÃÏÂÁÐÅäÖÃÎļþ£º

ÎļþÃû ¹¦ÄÜ
/etc/mail/access sendmail ·ÃÎÊÊý¾Ý¿âÎļþ
/etc/mail/aliases ÓÊÏä±ðÃû
/etc/mail/local-host-names sendmail ½ÓÊÕÓʼþÖ÷»úÁбí
/etc/mail/mailer.conf ÓʼÄÅäÖóÌÐò
/etc/mail/mailertable Óʼþ·Ö·¢Áбí
/etc/mail/sendmail.cf sendmailµÄÖ÷ÅäÖÃÎļþ
/etc/mail/virtusertable ÐéÄâÓû§ºÍÓòÁбí

28.3.1 /etc/mail/access

¡¡¡¡·ÃÎÊÊý¾Ý¿â¶¨ÒåÁËʲôÖ÷»ú»òÕß IP µØÖ·¿ÉÒÔ·ÃÎʱ¾µØÓʼþ·þÎñÆ÷ºÍËüÃÇÊÇÄÄÖÖÀàÐ͵ķÃÎÊ¡£ Ö÷»ú¿ÉÄÜ»áÁгö OK¡¢ REJECT¡¢RELAY »òÕß¼òµ¥µÄͨ¹ý sendmail µÄ³ö´í´¦Àí³ÌÐò¼ì²âÒ»¸ö¸ø¶¨µÄÓʼþ´íÎó¡£ Ö÷»úĬÈÏÁгö OK£¬ÔÊÐí´«ËÍÓʼþµ½Ö÷»ú£¬ Ö»ÒªÓʼþµÄ×îºóÄ¿µÄµØÊDZ¾µØÖ÷»ú¡£Áгö REJECT ½«¾Ü¾øËùÓеÄÓʼþÁ¬½Ó¡£Èç¹û´øÓÐ RELAY Ñ¡ÏîµÄÖ÷»ú½«±»ÔÊÐíͨ¹ýÕâ¸öÓʼþ·þÎñÆ÷·¢ËÍÓʼþµ½Èκεط½¡£

Àý 28-1. ÅäÖà sendmail µÄ·ÃÎÊÐí¿ÉÊý¾Ý¿â

cyberspammer.com                550 We do not accept mail from spammers
FREE.STEALTH.MAILER@            550 We do not accept mail from spammers
another.source.of.spam          REJECT
okay.cyberspammer.com           OK
128.32                          RELAY

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¡¡¡¡µ±Õâ¸öÎļþ±»Éý¼¶µÄʱºò£¬Äú±ØÐëÔÚ /etc/mail/ ÔËÐÐ make Éý¼¶Êý¾Ý¿â¡£

28.3.2 /etc/mail/aliases

¡¡¡¡±ðÃûÊý¾Ý¿â°üº¬Ò»¸öÀ©Õ¹µ½Óû§£¬³ÌÐò»òÕ߯äËü±ðÃûµÄÐéÄâÓÊÏäÁÐ±í¡£ ÏÂÃæÊÇһЩÔÚ /etc/mail/aliases ÖÐʹÓõÄÀý×Ó£º

Àý 28-2. Óʼþ±ðÃû

root: localuser
ftp-bugs: joe,eric,paul
bit.bucket:  /dev/null
procmail: "|/usr/local/bin/procmail"

¡¡¡¡Õâ¸öÎļþµÄ¸ñʽºÜ¼òµ¥£» ðºÅ×ó±ßµÄÓÊÏäÃû£¬ »á±»Õ¹¿ª³ÉÓұߵÄÐÎʽ¡£ µÚÒ»¸öÀý×Ó¼òµ¥µØ½« root ÓÊÏäÀ©Õ¹Îª localuser£¬ Ö®ºó½«¼ÌÐøÔÚ±ðÃûÊý¾Ý¿âÖнøÐвéÕÒ¡£ Èç¹ûûÓÐÕÒµ½Æ¥ÅäµÄ¼Ç¼£¬ ÔòÓʼþ»á±»·¢¸ø±¾µØÓû§ localuser¡£ µÚ¶þ¸öÀý×ÓչʾÁËÒ»¸öÓʼþÁÐ±í¡£ ·¢Ë͵½ ftp-bugs µÄÓʼþ»á±»Õ¹¿ª³É joe£¬ eric ºÍ paul ÕâÈý¸öÓÊÏä¡£ ×¢ÒâÒ²¿ÉÒÔͨ¹ý ÕâÑùµÄÐÎʽÀ´Ö¸¶¨Ô¶³ÌµÄÓÊÏä¡£ ½ÓÏÂÀ´µÄÀý×ÓչʾÁËÈçºÎ°ÑÓʼþдÈëµ½ÎļþÖУ¬ Õâ¸öÀý×ÓÖÐÊÇ /dev/null¡£ ×îºóÒ»¸öÀý×ÓչʾÁËÈçºÎ½«Óʼþ·¢¸øÒ»¸ö³ÌÐò£¬ ¾ßÌå¶øÑÔÊÇͨ¹ý UNIX® ¹ÜµÀ·¢µ½ /usr/local/bin/procmail µÄ±ê×¼ÊäÈë¡£

¡¡¡¡¸üдËÎļþʱ£¬ ÄúÐèÒªÔÚ /etc/mail/ ÖÐʹÓà make À´¸üÐÂÊý¾Ý¿â¡£

28.3.3 /etc/mail/local-host-names

¡¡¡¡ÕâÊÇÒ»¸ö sendmail(8) ±»½ÓÊÜΪһ¸ö±¾µØÖ÷»úÃûµÄÖ÷»úÃûÁÐ±í¡£ ¿ÉÒÔ·ÅÈëÈκΠsendmail ½«´ÓÄÇÀïÊÕ·¢ÓʼþµÄÓòÃû»òÖ÷»ú¡£ÀýÈ磬Èç¹ûÕâ¸öÓʼþ·þÎñÆ÷´ÓÓò example.com ºÍÖ÷»ú mail.example.com ½ÓÊÕÓʼþ£¬ËüµÄ local-host-names Îļþ£¬¿ÉÒÔ¿´ÆðÀ´ÏóÈçÏÂÕâÑù£º

example.com
mail.example.com

¡¡¡¡µ±Õâ¸öÎļþ±»Éý¼¶£¬sendmail(8) ±ØÐëÖØÐÂÆô¶¯£¬ÒÔ±ã¸üÐÂÉèÖá£

28.3.4 /etc/mail/sendmail.cf

¡¡¡¡sendmailµÄÖ÷ÅäÖÃÎļþ sendmail.cf ¿ØÖÆ×Å sendmail µÄËùÓÐÐÐΪ£¬ °üÀ¨´ÓÖØÐ´ÓʼþµØÖ·µ½´òÓ¡¾Ü¾øÔ¶³ÌÓʼþ·þÎñÆ÷ÐÅÏ¢µÈËùÓÐÊ¡£ µ±È»£¬×÷Ϊһ¸ö²»Í¬µÄ½ÇÉ«£¬Õâ¸öÅäÖÃÎļþÊÇÏ൱¸´Ôӵģ¬ ËüµÄϸ½Ú²¿·ÖÒѾ­³¬³öÁ˱¾½ÚµÄ·¶Î§¡£ÐÒÔ˵ÄÊÇ£¬ Õâ¸öÎļþ¶ÔÓÚ±ê×¼µÄÓʼþ·þÎñÆ÷À´ËµºÜÉÙÐèÒª±»¸Ä¶¯¡£

¡¡¡¡sendmail Ö÷ÅäÖÃÎļþ¿ÉÒÔÓà m4(1) ºê¶¨Òå sendmail µÄÌØÐÔºÍÐÐΪ¡£ËüµÄϸ½ÚÇë¿´ /usr/src/contrib/sendmail/cf/README¡£

¡¡¡¡µ±Õâ¸öÎļþ±»ÐÞ¸Äʱ£¬ sendmail ±ØÐëÖØÐÂÆô¶¯ÒÔ±ã¶ÔÐÂÐÞ¸ÄÉúЧ¡£

28.3.5 /etc/mail/virtusertable

¡¡¡¡virtusertable Ó³ÉäÐéÄâÓòÃûºÍÓÊÏäµ½ÕæÊµµÄÓÊÏä¡£ ÕâЩÓÊÏä¿ÉÒÔÊDZ¾µØµÄ¡¢Ô¶³ÌµÄ¡¢/etc/mail/aliases Öж¨ÒåµÄ±ðÃû»òÒ»¸öÎļþ¡£

Àý 28-3. ÐéÄâÓòÓʼþÓ³ÉäµÄÀý×Ó

root@example.com                root
postmaster@example.com          postmaster@noc.example.net
@example.com                    joe

¡¡¡¡ÔÚÉÏÃæÕâ¸öÀý×ÓÖУ¬ ÎÒÃÇÓ³ÉäÁËÒ»¸öÓò example.com¡£ Õâ¸öÎļþÊǰ´ÕÕ´ÓÉϵ½Ï£¬ Ê׸öÆ¥ÅäµÄ·½Ê½À´´¦ÀíµÄ¡£ µÚÒ»Ï Ó³Éäµ½±¾µØÓÊÏä root¡£ ÏÂÒ»ÏîÔò½« Ó³É䵽λÓÚ noc.example.net µÄ postmaster¡£ ×îºó£¬ Èç¹ûûÓÐÀ´×Ô example.com µÄÆ¥Å䣬 Ôò½«Ê¹ÓÃ×îºóÒ»ÌõÓ³É䣬 Ëü±íʾ½«ËùÓÐµÄÆäËüÓʼþ·¢¸ø example.com ÓòµÄij¸öÈË¡£ ÕâÑù£¬ ½«Ó³Éäµ½±¾µØÐÅÏä joe¡£

±¾ÎĵµºÍÆäËüÎĵµ¿É´ÓÕâÀïÏÂÔØ£ºftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/doc/.

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