4.4 ʹÓà Package ϵͳ

Contributed by Chern Lee.

¡¡¡¡ÔÚ FreeBSD ϵͳÉÏÓм¸ÖÖ²»Í¬µÄ¹¤¾ßÓÃÀ´¹ÜÀí package£º

4.4.1 Ò»¸ö package µÄ°²×°

¡¡¡¡Äú¿ÉÒÔÓà pkg_add(1) Õâ¸öÃüÁî´Ó±¾µØÎļþ»òÍøÂçÉϵķþÎñÆ÷À´°²×°Ò»¸ö FreeBSD Èí¼þ°ü¡£

Àý 4-1. ÔÚ±¾µØÊÖ¶¯ÏÂÔØÒ»¸öpackage,²¢°²×°Ëü

# ftp -a ftp2.FreeBSD.org
Connected to ftp2.FreeBSD.org.
220 ftp2.FreeBSD.org FTP server (Version 6.00LS) ready.
331 Guest login ok, send your email address as password.
230-
230-     This machine is in Vienna, VA, USA, hosted by Verio.
230-         Questions? E-mail freebsd@vienna.verio.net.
230-
230-
230 Guest login ok, access restrictions apply.
Remote system type is UNIX.
Using binary mode to transfer files.
ftp> cd /pub/FreeBSD/ports/packages/sysutils/
250 CWD command successful.
ftp> get lsof-4.56.4.tgz
local: lsof-4.56.4.tgz remote: lsof-4.56.4.tgz
200 PORT command successful.
150 Opening BINARY mode data connection for 'lsof-4.56.4.tgz' (92375 bytes).
100% |**************************************************| 92375       00:00 ETA
226 Transfer complete.
92375 bytes received in 5.60 seconds (16.11 KB/s)
ftp> exit
# pkg_add lsof-4.56.4.tgz

¡¡¡¡Èç¹ûÄúûÓб¾µØpackageµÄ°²×°ÅÌ (Èç FreeBSD CD-ROM)£¬ ¿ÉÒÔÖ´ÐÐ pkg_add(1) ÃüÁî²¢¼ÓÉÏ -r Ñ¡Ïî¡£ Õ⽫ÆÈʹ³ÌÐò×Ô¶¯¾ö¶¨Ä¿±êÎļþµÄÕýÈ·¸ñʽºÍ°æ±¾£¬ È»ºó×Ô¶¯´ÓÒ»¸ö FTP Õ¾µãѰÕҺͰ²×° package¡£

# pkg_add -r lsof

¡¡¡¡ÉÏÃæµÄÀý×Ó½«ÏÂÔØÕýÈ·µÄpackage£¬ ¶ø²»ÐèÒªÓû§µÄ¸ÉÔ¤¾Í¿ÉÒÔ°²×°¡£ Èç¹ûÄúÏëÖ¸¶¨ FreeBSD package µÄ¾µÏñÕ¾µã£¬ Ìæ»»Ö÷Õ¾µã£¬ ¾Í±ØÐëÏàÓ¦µØÉèÖà PACKAGESITE Õâ¸ö»·¾³±äÁ¿£¬ ¸²¸ÇÔ­À´µÄÉèÖᣠpkg_add(1) ʹÓà fetch(3) ÏÂÔØÎļþ£¬ ¿ÉÒÔʹÓöàÖÖ»·¾³±äÁ¿£¬ °üº¬ FTP_PASSIVE_MODE¡¢ FTP_PROXY£¬ ºÍ FTP_PASSWORD¡£ Èç¹ûÄúʹÓà FTP/HTTP ´úÀí»òÔÚ·À»ðǽºóÃæ£¬ Äú¿ÉÄÜÐèÒªÉèÖÃÕâЩ»·¾³±äÁ¿¡£ ÏêϸµÄÁбíÇë²Î¿¼ fetch(3)¡£ÉÏÊöÀý×ÓÖÐÓà lsof Ìæ´úÁË lsof-4.56.4¡£ µ±Ê¹ÓÃÔ¶³Ì°²×° Package µÄʱºòÈí¼þÃû×Ö²»ÐèÒª°üº¬°æ±¾ºÅ¡£ pkg_add(1) ½«×Ô¶¯µÄÕÒµ½Õâ¸öÈí¼þ×îеİ汾¡£

×¢Òâ: Èç¹ûÄúʹÓà FreeBSD-CURRENT »ò FreeBSD-STABLE°æ±¾µÄFreeBSD£¬ pkg_add(1) ½«ÏÂÔØÄúµÄÓ¦ÓÃÈí¼þµÄ×îа汾¡£ Èç¹ûÄúʹÓà -RELEASE °æ±¾µÄ FreeBSD, Ëü½«»á»ñµÃÓëÄúµÄ°æ±¾ÏàÓ¦µÄÈí¼þ°ü°æ±¾¡£ Äú¿ÉÒÔͨ¹ýÐ޸Ļ·¾³±äÁ¿ PACKAGESITE À´¸Ä±äÕâÒ»ÐÐΪ¡£ ÀýÈ磬 Èç¹ûÄúÔËÐÐ FreeBSD 8.1-RELEASE ϵͳ£¬ ĬÈÏÇé¿öÏ pkg_add(1) ½«³¢ÊÔ´Ó ftp://ftp.freebsd.org/pub/FreeBSD/ports/i386/packages-8.1-release/Latest/ ÏÂÔØÔ¤±àÒëµÄÈí¼þ°ü¡£ Èç¹ûÄúÏ£ÍûÇ¿ÖÆ pkg_add(1) ÏÂÔØ FreeBSD 8-STABLE µÄÈí¼þ°ü£¬ Ôò¿ÉÒÔ½« PACKAGESITE ÉèÖÃΪ ftp://ftp.freebsd.org/pub/FreeBSD/ports/i386/packages-8-stable/Latest/¡£

¡¡¡¡Èí¼þ°ü²ÉÓà .tgz ºÍ .tbz Á½ÖÖ¸ñʽ¡£Äú¿ÉÒÔÔÚ ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/ports/packages/ ÏÂÃæ»ò´Ó FreeBSD µÄ·¢ÐйâÅÌÕÒµ½£¬ ËüÔÚÿһ¸ö 4CD µÄ FreeBSD ·¢ÐаæµÄ /packagesĿ¼ÖС£ Èí¼þ°üµÄÉè¼Æ¹æ»®Óë /usr/ports Ê÷Ò»Ö¡£ ÿ¸ö·ÖÀà¶¼ÓÐ×Ô¼ºµÄĿ¼£¬ ËùÓеÄÈí¼þ°ü¿ÉÒÔÔÚĿ¼ AllÖÐÕÒµ½¡£

¡¡¡¡Èí¼þ°üϵͳµÄĿ¼½á¹¹ÓëportsµÄÉè¼Æ¹æ»®Ò»Ö£» ËüÃǹ²Í¬¹¹³ÉÁËÕû¸ö package/port¡£

4.4.2 Èí¼þ°üµÄ¹ÜÀí

¡¡¡¡pkg_info(1) ÊÇÓÃÓÚÁгöÒѰ²×°µÄËùÓÐÈí¼þ°üÁбíºÍÃèÊöµÄ³ÌÐò¡£

# pkg_info
cvsup-16.1          A general network file distribution system optimized for CV
docbook-1.2         Meta-port for the different versions of the DocBook DTD
...

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# pkg_version
cvsup                       =
docbook                     =
...

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4.4.3 ɾ³ýÒ»¸öÈí¼þ°ü

¡¡¡¡ÒªÉ¾³ýÏÈǰ°²×°µÄÈí¼þpackage£¬Ö»ÒªÊ¹ÓÃpkg_delete(1) ¹¤¾ß¡£

# pkg_delete xchat-1.7.1

¡¡¡¡ÐèҪעÒâµÄÊÇ£¬ pkg_delete(1) ÐèÒªÌṩÍêÕûµÄ°üÃû£» Èç¹ûÄúÖ»ÊÇÖ¸¶¨ÁËÀàËÆ xchat ¶ø²»ÊÇ xchat-1.7.1 ÕâÑùµÄÃû×Ö£¬ ÔòËü½«¾Ü¾øÖ´ÐвÙ×÷¡£ ²»¹ý£¬ Äú¿ÉÒÔʹÓà pkg_version(1) À´Á˽ⰲװµÄ package µÄ°æ±¾¡£ ³ý´ËÖ®Í⣬ Ò²¿ÉÒÔʹÓÃͨÅä·û£º

# pkg_delete xchat\*

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4.4.4 ÆäËü

¡¡¡¡ËùÓÐÒѰ²×°µÄ package ÐÅÏ¢¶¼±£´æÔÚ /var/db/pkg Ŀ¼Ï¡£ °²×°ÎļþµÄÁбíºÍÿ¸ö package µÄÄÚÈݺÍÃèÊö¶¼ÄÜÔÚÕâ¸öĿ¼µÄÏà¹ØÎļþÖÐÕÒµ½¡£

±¾ÎĵµºÍÆäËüÎĵµ¿É´ÓÕâÀïÏÂÔØ£ºftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/doc/.

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¹ØÓÚ±¾ÎĵµµÄÎÊÌâÇë·¢ÐÅÁªÏµ <doc@FreeBSD.org>.