Chapter 10 ¨t²ÎºÞ²z

Wei-Hon Chen
10.1. ¨t²Î°_©l³]©wÀɦb­þ¡H
10.2. ¸Ó¦p¦ó²³æ¦a·s¼W±b¸¹¡H
10.3. ¦b§ï§¹ crontab Àɮ׫á¡A¬°¤°»ò¦Ñ¬O¦¬¨ì³o¼Ëªº°T®§¡G ¡§root: not found¡¨¡H
10.4. ¬°¤°»ò§Ú·Q­n¥Î su ¦¨¬° root ®É¡A·|±o¨ì ¡§you are not in the correct group to su root¡¨ ªº¿ù»~°T®§¡H
10.5. §Ú¦b rc.conf ÁÙ¬O¬Y­Ó°_°ÊÀɮ׸̥ǤF¿ù»~¡A ¦]¬°Àɮרt²ÎÅܦ¨°ßŪªº¡A§ÚµLªk¥h½s¿è¥¦¡C§Ú¸Ó«ç»ò¿ì¡H
10.6. ¬°¤°»ò§Ú¨S¿ìªk³]©w§Úªº¦Lªí¾÷¡H
10.7. §Ú­n«ç»ò¼Ë­×¥¿§Úªº¨t²Î©Ò¨Ï¥ÎªºÁä½L¹ï¬M (keyboard mapping)¡H
10.8. ¬°¤°»ò§Ú¦b¨t²Î±Ò°Ê®É¡A±o¨ì ¡§unknown: <PNP0303> can't assign resources¡¨ ªº°T®§¡H
10.9. ¬°¤°»ò user quotas µLªk¥¿±`¹B§@¡H
10.10. FreeBSD ¤ä´© System V IPC ®æ¦¡«ü¥O¶°¡H
10.11. §Ú¸Ó¦p¦óÅý sendmail ³z¹L UUCP ¨Ó»¼°e¶l¥ó¡H
10.12. ·í§Ú¥Î¼·±µ³s¤Wºô¸ô®É¸Ó«ç»ò³]©w«H¥ó»¼°e¡H
10.13. °£¤F Sendmail ¥~¡AÁÙ¦³­þ¨Ç¶l¥ó¦øªA¾¹¥i¥H¨Ï¥Î©O¡H
10.14. §Ú§Ñ¤F root ±K½X¤F¡I«ç»ò¿ì¡H
10.15. §Ú¸Ó«ç»òÅý Control-Alt-Delete ¤£·|­«·s±Ò°Ê¨t²Î¡H
10.16. §Ú¸Ó«ç»ò§â DOS ¤å¦rÀÉ®×­«·s®æ¦¡¤Æ¦¨ UNIX ªº¡H
10.17. §Ú¸Ó«ç»ò¥Î¦WºÙ¬å±¼ process¡H
10.18. ¬°¦ó¦b su ¤@ª½»¡§Ú¤£¦b root ªº ACL ¸Ì¡H
10.19. §Ú¸Ó«ç»ò²¾°£ Kerberos¡H
10.20. §Ú¸Ó«ç»ò¼W¥[¨t²ÎªºµêÀÀ²×ºÝ¾÷¡H
10.21. /dev/snd0 ³o­Ó¸Ë¸m°µ¤£¥X¨Ó¡I
10.22. ¥i¥H¤£¥Î¶}¾÷¡A­«·sŪ¨ú /etc/rc.conf¡B ¦A¦¸±Ò°Ê /etc/rc ¶Ü?
10.23. §Ú·Q­n§â§Úªº¨t²Îª@¯Å¨ì³Ì·sªº -STABLE¡A¦ý¬O±o¨ìªº¬O -RC ©Î -PRERELEASE¡I«ç»ò¤F¡H
10.24. §Ú¸ÕµÛ­n¦w¸Ë¤@­Ó·sªº®Ö¤ß¡A¦ý¬OµLªk chflags¡C§Ú¸Ó«ç»ò¸Ñ¨M¡H
10.25. ¦b§Úªº¨t²Î¤W¡A§ÚµLªkÅܧó®É¶¡¶W¹L¤@¬í¥H¤Wªº½d³ò¡I §Ú¸Ó«ç»ò¿ì¡H
10.26. ¬°¤°»ò rpc.statd ¥Î¤F 256 megabytes ªº°O¾ÐÅé¡H
10.27. ¬°¤°»ò§Ú¨S¿ìªk¨ú®ø schg Àɮ׺X¼Ð¡H
10.28. ¬°¤°»òªñ¨Óªº·sª© FreeBSD ¹w³]µLªk§Q¥Î .shosts §¹¦¨ SSH »{ÃÒ¡H
10.29. ¤°»ò¬O vnlru?

10.1. ¨t²Î°_©l³]©wÀɦb­þ¡H

±q 2.0.5R ¨ì 2.2.1R¡A¥D­nªº³]©wÀɬO /etc/sysconfig¡C©Ò¦³ªº¿ï¶µ³£³Q«ü©w¦b³o­ÓÀÉ¡A ¦Ó¨ä¥L¹³ /etc/rc (°Ñ¨£ rc(8)) ©M /etc/netstart ¥u¬O¤Þ¥Î¥¦¡C

Æ[¹î /etc/sysconfig ³o­ÓÀɨíץ¿¨ä­È¥H ¾A¦X§Aªº¨t²Î¡C³o­ÓÀɥεù¸Ñ¶ñº¡¥Hªí¥Ü¦ó³B¸Ó©ñ¸m¤°»ò³]©w¡C

¦b post-2.2.1 ¥H«á¤Î 3.0¡A/etc/sysconfig ¥ç§ó¦W¬°¤@­Ó§ó®e©ö´y­zªºÀɦW¥s rc.conf(5) ¡A¨Ã¥B»yªk²¤Æ¤F¨Ç¡C /etc/netstart ¥ç§ó¦W¬° /etc/rc.network ¦]¦¹©Ò¦³ªºÀɮ׳£¥i¥H¥Î cp /usr/src/etc/rc* /etc ¨Ó«þ¨©¡C

¦b 3.1 ¥H¤Î¡A/etc/rc.conf ³Q²¾¨ì /etc/defaults/rc.conf¡C ¤d¸U¤£­n½s¿è³o­ÓÀÉ¡I ¦pªG /etc/defaults/rc.conf ¤º¦³·Q­n§ó°Êªº¶µ¥Ø¡A §AÀ³¸Ó±N¨º¤@¦æªº¤º®e«þ¨©¨ì /etc/rc.conf¡A µM«á¦A­×§ï¥¦¡C

¨Ò¦p FreeBSD 3.1 ¤Î¥H«áªºª©¥»¤º¡A¦³¤@­Ó DNS ¦øªA¾¹ named¡A ¦Ó§A·Q­n±Ò°Ê¥¦¡C§A©Ò»Ý­n§@ªº¨Æ´N¬O¡G

# echo named_enable="YES" >> /etc/rc.conf

·Q­n¦b FreeBSD 3.1 ¤Î¥H«áªºª©¥»¤¤¡A±Ò°Ê¥»¦aºÝªA°Èªº¸Ü¡A±N shell script ¸m©ó /usr/local/etc/rc.d ¥Ø¿ý ¤U¡C³o¨Ç shell script À³¸Ó³]©w¦¨¥i°õ¦æ¡A¨Ã¥BÀɦW¥H .sh µ²§ô¡C ¦b FreeBSD 3.0 ¤Î§ó¦­ªºª©¥»¤¤¡A§AÀ³¸Óª½±µ½s¿è /etc/rc.local ÀÉ¡C

/etc/rc.serial¥Î¨Óªì©l¤Æ§Ç¦C°ð ¡]¹³¬OÂê©w°ðªº¯S©Êµ¥¡^¡C

/etc/rc.i386 ¬O Intel ±M¥Î³]©w¡A ¹³¬O iBCS2 ¼ÒÀÀ©Î¬O PC ¨t²Î¥D±±¥x³]©w¡C

10.2. ¸Ó¦p¦ó²³æ¦a·s¼W±b¸¹¡H

¨Ï¥Î adduser(8) «ü¥O¡C¦pªG»Ý­n§ó½ÆÂøªº¨Ï¥Î¤è¦¡¡A ½Ð¥Î pw(8) ³o­Ó«ü¥O¡C

­n¦A¦¸²¾°£¨Ï¥ÎªÌ¡A¨Ï¥Î rmuser(8) «ü¥O¡CÁÙ¦³¡A pw(8) ¤]¥i¥H¨Ï¥Î¡C

10.3. ¦b§ï§¹ crontab Àɮ׫á¡A¬°¤°»ò¦Ñ¬O¦¬¨ì³o¼Ëªº°T®§¡G ¡§root: not found¡¨¡H

³q±`³£¬O¦]¬°½s¿è¤F¨t²Îªº crontab (/etc/crontab) µM«á´N¥Î crontab(1) ¥h¦w¸Ë¥¦¡G

# crontab /etc/crontab

³o¼Ë§@¬O¤£¹ïªº¡C¨t²Îªº crontab ©M crontab(1) ©Ò§ó·sªº¨Ï¥ÎªÌªº crontab ®æ¦¡¨Ã¤£¤@¼Ë (crontab(5) »¡©ú¤å¥ó°w¹ï®t²§³B¦³¸Ô²Óªº»¡©ú)¡C

¦pªG§A¤w¸g¥Î³oºØ¤èªk¡AÃB¥~¦h¥Xªº crontab ¥u´N¬O /etc/crontab ªº«þ¨©¡A¥u¬O®æ¦¡¬O¿ù»~ªº¡C ¥i¥Î¥H¤Uªº©R¥O§R°£¡G

# crontab -r

¤U¦¸§A½s¿è /etc/crontab Àɮתº®É­Ô¡A §A¤£¥Î§@¥ô¦ó°Ê§@¥h³qª¾ cron(8) ¡A¥¦¦Û°Ê·|¥h°»´ú¬O§_¦³§ó°Ê¡C

¦pªG§A·Q­n¨C¤Ñ¡B¨C¶g¡B©Î¬O¨C¤ë©T©w°õ¦æ¬Y¨Ç°Ê§@¤@¦¸¡A¤]³\¥[­Ó shell script ¦b /usr/local/etc/periodic ¥Ø¿ý¤U·|§ó¦n¡A¨t²Îªº cron ·|©T©w°õ¦æ periodic(8) ©R¥O¡A ¥¦¥i±N§Aªºµ{¦¡©M¨ä¥¦ªº¨t²Î¶g´Á©Ê¤u§@¤@°_°õ¦æ¡C

³o­Ó¿ù»~ªº¯u¥¿­ì¦]¡A¬O¦]¬°¨t²Îªº crontab ¦³¤@­ÓÃB¥~ªºÄæ¦ì¡A »¡©ú¸Ó©R¥O­n¥H¤°»ò¨Ï¥ÎªÌ¨­¥÷°õ¦æ¡C¦b FreeBSD ªº¹w³]¨t²Î crontab ¤¤¡A©Ò¦³ªº¶µ¥Ø³£¬O root¡C ·í³o­Ó crontab ³Q·í§@¬O root ªº¨Ï¥ÎªÌ crontab (¥¦©M¨t²Îªº crontab ¬O ¤£ ¤@¼Ëªº)¡Acron(8) ·|¥H¬° root ¦r¦ê¬O±ý°õ¦æªº©R¥Oªº²Ä¤@­Ó¦r¡A¦ý¬O¹ê»Ú¤W ¨Ã¨S¦³³o¼Ëªº©R¥O¦s¦b¡C

10.4. ¬°¤°»ò§Ú·Q­n¥Î su ¦¨¬° root ®É¡A·|±o¨ì ¡§you are not in the correct group to su root¡¨ ªº¿ù»~°T®§¡H

³o¬O¤@­Ó¦w¥þ¯S©Ê¡C·Q­n§Q¥Î su ¦¨¬° root (©Î¨ä¥¦¦³ superuser Åv­­ªº±b¸¹)¡A§A¤@©w­n¦b wheel ¸s²Õ¤º¡C¦pªG¨S¦³³o­Ó¯S©Êªº¸Ü¡A ¥ô¦ó¤H¥u­n¦b¨t²Î¸Ì¦³±b¸¹¡A¨Ã¥B«ê¥©ª¾¹D root ªº±K½X¡A´N¥i¥H¨ú±o superuser µ¥¯ÅªºÅv­­¥H¦s¨ú¨t²Î¡C¦³¤F³o­Ó¯S©Ê¡A ³o¼Ëªº±¡ªp´N¤£·|µo¥Í¡F¦pªG¨Ï¥ÎªÌ¤£¦b wheel ¸s²Õ¤ºªº¸Ü¡Asu(1) ·|Åý¥L­Ì³s¸ÕµÛÁä¤J±K½Xªº¾÷·|³£¨S¦³¡C

­nÅý¬Y¤H¥i¥H§Q¥Î su ¦¨¬° root ªº¸Ü¡A ¥u­n§â¥L­Ì©ñ¤J wheel ¸s²Õ¤º§Y¥i¡C

10.5. §Ú¦b rc.conf ÁÙ¬O¬Y­Ó°_°ÊÀɮ׸̥ǤF¿ù»~¡A ¦]¬°Àɮרt²ÎÅܦ¨°ßŪªº¡A§ÚµLªk¥h½s¿è¥¦¡C§Ú¸Ó«ç»ò¿ì¡H

·í¹q¸£°Ý§A shell §¹¾ã¸ô®|¦W®É¡A¥u­n«ö ENTER ¡AµM«á°õ¦æ mount / ¥HŪ¼g¼Ò¦¡ ­«·s±¾¸ü®ÚÀɮרt²Î¡C§A¤]³\»Ý­n°õ¦æ mount -a -t ufs ¡A±N§AºD¥Îªº¤å¦r½s¿è¾¹©Ò¦bªºÀɮרt²Î±¾¸ü¤W¨Ó¡C¦pªG §AºD¥Îªº¤å¦r½s¿è¾¹¦bºô¸ôÀɮרt²Î¤Wªº¸Ü¡A§A¥²¶·¥ý¤â°Ê±Nºô¸ô³]©w °_¨Ó¡A¥H«K±Nºô¸ôÀɮרt²Î±¾¸ü¤W¨Ó¡A©Î¬O¨Ï¥Î¥»¦aºÝÀɮרt²Î¤Wªº ½s¿è¾¹¡A¨Ò¦p ed(1)¡C

¦pªG§A·Q­n¨Ï¥Î¹³ vi(1) ©Î¬O emacs(1) µ¥ªº¥þ¿Ã¹õ ¤å¦r½s¿è¾¹ªº¸Ü¡A§A¤]»Ý­n°õ¦æ export TERM=cons25 ¡A¥H«KÅý³o¨Ç½s¿è¾¹¯à°÷±q termcap(5) ¸ê®Æ®w¸ÌŪ¨ú¥¿½Tªº¸ê®Æ¡C

·í§A¤w¸g§¹¦¨¤F³o¨Ç¨BÆJ«á¡A§A¥i¥H·Ó§A¥­±`­×§ï¤åªk¿ù»~ªº¤è¦¡ ¥h½s¿è /etc/rc.conf ÀɮסC¦b®Ö¤ß (kernel) ±Ò°Ê®É©ÒÅã¥Üªº¿ù»~°T®§¡A¯à°÷§i¶D§AÀɮפ¤­þ¤@¦æ¦³¿ù»~¡C

10.6. ¬°¤°»ò§Ú¨S¿ìªk³]©w§Úªº¦Lªí¾÷¡H

½Ð°Ñ¦Ò¤@¤U Handbook ¤¤¡A¦³Ãö¦C¦Lªº³¡¥÷¡C¥¦À³¸Ó¯à°÷¸Ñ¨M §A¤j³¡¥÷ªº°ÝÃD¡C½Ð°Ñ¦Ò Handbook ¤¤ªº¦C¦L³¡¥÷¡C

¦³¨Ç¦Lªí¾÷»Ý­n¥D¾÷¤ä´©ªºÅX°Êµ{¦¡ (host-based driver) ¤~¯à °õ¦æ¥ô¦ó¦C¦L¥\¯à¡CFreeBSD ¥»¨­¨Ã¤£¤ä´©³o¨Ç©Ò¿×ªº ¡§WinPrinters¡¨¡C ¦pªG§Aªº¦Lªí¾÷µLªk¦b DOS ©Î Windows NT 4.0 ¤U°õ¦æ¡A¨º¥¦¤j·§´N¬O¤@¥x WinPrinter¡C§A°ß¤@¯à¨Ï¥Î ³o¼Ëªº¦Lªí¾÷ªº§Æ±æ¡A´N¬O¸Õ¸Õ print/pnm2ppa ¤ä¤£¤ä´©¥¦¤F¡C

10.7. §Ú­n«ç»ò¼Ë­×¥¿§Úªº¨t²Î©Ò¨Ï¥ÎªºÁä½L¹ï¬M (keyboard mapping)¡H

½Ð°Ñ¦Ò Handbook ¤¤ªº using localization ³¹¸`¡A¤×¨ä¬O console setup ³¹¸`¡C

10.8. ¬°¤°»ò§Ú¦b¨t²Î±Ò°Ê®É¡A±o¨ì ¡§unknown: <PNP0303> can't assign resources¡¨ ªº°T®§¡H

¥H¤U¬O±q FreeBSD-CURRENT ³q«H½×¾Âªº¤@½g¤å³¹¤¤¸`¿ý¥X¨Óªº¡C

 

¡§µLªk«ü¬£¸ê·½ (can't assign resources)¡¨ °T®§ªí¥Ü ¨º¨Ç¸Ë¸m¬O¶Ç²Îªº ISA ¸Ë¸m¡A¦Ó®Ö¤ß¤¤¤w¸g½s¤J¤£»{±o PNP ªºÅX°Êµ{ ¦¡¡C³o¨Ç¸Ë¸m¥]¬AÁä½L±±¨î¾¹¡A¥iµ{¦¡¤Æ§ÃÂ_±±¨î´¹¤ù¡AÁÙ¦³´X­Ó¼Ð·Ç ³]³Æ¡C¸ê·½µLªk«ü¬£µ¹³o¨Ç¸Ë¸m¡A¬O¦]¬°¦­¤w¦³ÅX°Êµ{¦¡¨Ï¥Î¨º¨Ç¦ì§} ¤F¡C

 
--Garrett Wollman , 2001 ¦~¥|¤ë 24 ¤é  

10.9. ¬°¤°»ò user quotas µLªk¥¿±`¹B§@¡H

  • ¥i¯à§A kernel ³]©w¥¼¥[¤J quotas ¤ä´©(¹w³]¬OµL)¡C¦pªG¬O³o¼Ë¤lªº¸Ü¡A ¨º»ò½Ð§â¤U­±³o¦æ¥[¨ì kernel ³]©wÀɤº¨Ã­«·s½sĶ¡B¦w¸Ë¡G

    options QUOTA
    

    ²Ó¸`³¡¤À¡A½Ð°Ñ¾\ Handbook ¤ºªº quotas ³¹¸`¡C

  • ½Ð¤£­nª½±µ¦b / ¥´¶} quotas

  • §â quotas ÀÉ©ñ¦b¥¦¥²¶·±j­¢¸m¤JªºÀɮרt²Î¤º¡AÁ|¨Ò¡G

    Àɮרt²Î Quota ÀÉ
    /usr /usr/admin/quotas
    /home /home/admin/quotas
    ... ...

10.10. FreeBSD ¤ä´© System V IPC ®æ¦¡«ü¥O¶°¡H

¬Oªº¡AFreeBSD ¤ä´© System V-style IPC¡C³o¥]¬A¦@¨É°O¾ÐÅé¡A °T®§¸ò«H¸¹¡C§A»Ý­n¦b§Aªº kernel ³]©wÀɤº¥[¤J¤U¦C´X¦æ¥H±Ò°Ê¥¦­Ì¡C

options    SYSVSHM          # enable shared memory
options    SYSVSEM          # enable for semaphores
options    SYSVMSG          # enable for messaging

Note: ¦b FreeBSD 3.2 ¥H¤Î¤§«áªºª©¥»¡A³o¨Ç¿ï¶µ¤w¸g¬O GENERIC ®Ö¤ßªº¤@³¡¥÷¡A¤]´N¬O»¡¥¦­Ì¤w ¸g½s¶i¤F§Aªº¨t²Î¤¤¡C

­«·s½sĶ¨Ã¦w¸Ë¡C

10.11. §Ú¸Ó¦p¦óÅý sendmail ³z¹L UUCP ¨Ó»¼°e¶l¥ó¡H

¸òÀH FreeBSD ®M¸Ë¦Ó¨Óªº sendmail ³]©w¬O¾A¦X¨º¨Çª½±µ³s¤Wºô»Úºô¸ô ªº¯¸¥x¡C·Q³z¹L UUCP ¥æ´«¶l¥óªº¯¸¥x¥²¶·¥t¥~¦w¸Ë sendmail ªº³]©wÀɮסC

¤â°Ê­×§ï /etc/sendmail.cf ¬Oµ´¹ï¥²­nªº¡C ²Ä 8 ª©ªº sendmail ´£¨Ñ¤@­Ó¥þ·sªº¤J¤f¥H³z¹L¤@¨Ç¹³ m4(1) ªº³B²z´N¯à²£¥Í³]©wÀÉ¡A³o¨Æ¹ê¤W¬O¤@­Ó°ª¼h·§©Àµ¥¯Åªº§Þ¥©©Ê³]©w¡C §AÀ³¸Ó¥i¥H¦b /usr/src/usr.sbin/sendmail/cf ¥H¤U¸Ì¨Ï¥Î¥¦¡G

°²¦p§A¤£¬O¥Î full sources ¤è¦¡¦w¸Ë¨t²Î¡A¨º»ò sendmail ³]©w¶µ¥Ø¥i¯à¤w¸g¤À´²¦¨¦n´X­Ó¨Ó·½¤À¥¬Àɦbµ¥µÛ§A¡A°²³]§A¤w¸g mount ¥úºÐ¾÷¡A°µ¥H¤U°Ê§@¡G

# cd /cdrom/src
# cat scontrib.?? | tar xzf - -C /usr/src contrib/sendmail

§OÅå·W¡A³o¥u¦³¼Æ¤Q¸U­Ó¦ì¤¸²Õªº¤j¤p¡C¦b cf ¥Ø¿ý¸Ìªº README ¥i¥H´£¨Ñ¤@­Ó m4 ³]©wªkªº°ò ¥»¤¶²Ð¡C

¥H UUCP »¼°e¨Ó»¡¡A«ØÄ³§A³Ì¦n¨Ï¥Î mailertable ¯SÂI¡C«Øºc¤@­Ó¸ê®Æ®wÅý sendmail ¥i¥H¨Ï¥Î¥¦¦Û¤vªº¸ô®|¨Mµ¦¡C

­º¥ý¡A§A¥²¶·«Ø¥ß¦Û¤vªº .mc ÀÉ¡C /usr/src/usr.sbin/sendmail/cf/cf ¥Ø¿ý¬O³o¨Ç Àɮתº®a¡C¬d¬Ý¤@¤U¡A¤w¸g¦³¦n´X­Ó½d¨ÒÀÉ¡A°²³]§A¤w¸g©R¦W¦Û¤vªºÀÉ¥s foo.mc¡A§A­n°µªº¥u¬O§â¥¦Âà´«¦¨¤@­Ó¦³®Äªº sendmail.cf¡G

# cd /usr/src/usr.sbin/sendmail/cf/cf
# make foo.cf
# cp foo.cf /etc/mail/sendmail.cf

¤@­Ó¨å«¬ªº .mc Àɬݰ_¨Ó¥i¯à¹³³o¼Ë¡G

VERSIONID(`Your version number')
OSTYPE(bsd4.4)

FEATURE(accept_unresolvable_domains)
FEATURE(nocanonify)
FEATURE(mailertable, `hash -o /etc/mail/mailertable')

define(`UUCP_RELAY', your.uucp.relay)
define(`UUCP_MAX_SIZE', 200000)
define(`confDONT_PROBE_INTERFACES')

MAILER(local)
MAILER(smtp)
MAILER(uucp)

Cw    your.alias.host.name
Cw    youruucpnodename.UUCP

accept_unresolvable_domains¡A nocanonify¡A ©M confDONT_PROBE_INTERFACES ¯S©Ê±NÁ×§K¥ô¦ó¦b »¼°e¶l¥ó®É·|¥Î¨ì DNS ªº¾÷·|¡CUUCP_RELAY ¶µ¥Øªº¥X²{²z¥Ñ«Ü©_©Ç¡A´N¤£­n°Ý¬°¦ó¤F¡C²³æªº©ñ¤J¤@­Óºô»Úºô¸ô ¤W¥i¥H³B²z .UUCP µêÀÀºô°ì¦ì§}ªº¥D¾÷¦WºÙ¡F³q±`¡A§A¥u»Ý­n¦b³o ¸Ì¶ñ¤J§A ISP ªº«H¥ó¦^ÂгB (mail replay)¡C

§A¤w¸g°µ¨ì³o¸Ì¤F¡A§AÁٻݭn³o­Ó¥s /etc/mail/mailertable¡C¦pªG§A¥u¦³¤@­Ó¥Î ¨Ó¶Ç»¼©Ò¦³¶l¥óªº¹ï¥~³q¹Dªº¸Ü¡A¥H¤UªºÀÉ®×´N¨¬°÷¤F¡G

#
# makemap hash /etc/mail/mailertable.db < /etc/mail/mailertable
                              uucp-dom:your.uucp.relay

¥t¤@­Ó§ó½ÆÂøªº¨Ò¤l¬Ý°_¨Ó¹³³o¼Ë¡G

#
# makemap hash /etc/mail/mailertable.db < /etc/mail/mailertable
#
horus.interface-business.de   uucp-dom:horus
interface-business.de        uucp-dom:if-bus
interface-business.de         uucp-dom:if-bus
heep.sax.de                  smtp8:%1
horus.UUCP                    uucp-dom:horus
if-bus.UUCP                   uucp-dom:if-bus
                             uucp-dom:

¦p§A©Ò¨£¡A³o¬O¬Y­Ó¯u¹êÀɮ׸̪º¤@³¡¥÷¡C­º¤T¦æ³B²zºô°ì©w§}«H¥ó ¤£À³¸Ó³Q°e¥X¨ì¤º©w¸ô®|¡A¦Ó¥Ñ¬Y¨Ç UUCP ¾F©~(UUCP neighbor)¨ú¥N ªº¯S®í±¡§Î¡A³o¬O¬°¤F ¡§ÁYµu¡¨»¼°eªº¸ô®|¡C¤U¤@¦æ³B²z¨ì ¥»¦a¤A¤Óºô¸ôºô°ìªº«H¥óÅý¥¦¥i¥H¨Ï¥Î SMTP ¨Ó»¼°e¡C³Ì«á¡AUUCP ¾F©~´£¨ì .UUCP µêÀÀºô°ìªº°O¸ü¡A¤¹³\¤@­Ó uucp-neighbor !recipient ±À½ ¤º©w³W«h¡C³Ì«á¤@¦æ«h¥H¤@­Ó³æ¿Wªº¥yÂI°µµ²§ô¡A¥H UUCP »¼°e¨ì´£¨Ñ·í §A¥þ¥@¬É©Ê¶l¥ó¹hªùªºUUCP ¾F©~¡C©Ò¦³¦b uucp-dom: ÃöÁä¦r¸Ìªº¸`ÂI¦WºÙ¥²¶·³£¬O¦³®Äªº UUCP ¾F©~¡A§A¥i¥H¥Î uuname ©R¥O¥h½T»{¡C

´£¿ô§A³o­ÓÀɮצb¨Ï¥Î«e¥²¶·³QÂà´«¦¨ DBM ¸ê®Æ®wÀɮסA³Ì¦n¦b mailertable ³Ì¤W­±¥Îµù¸Ñ¼g¥X©R¥O¦C¨Ó§¹¦¨³o­Ó¤u§@¡C·í§A¨C¦¸§ó´«§A ªº mailertable «á§AÁ`¬O»Ý­n°õ¦æ³o­Ó©R¥O¡C

³Ì«á´£¥Ü¡G¦pªG§A¤£½T©w¬Y¨Ç¯S©wªº«H¥ó¸ô®|¥i¥Î¡A°O±o§â -bt ¿ï¶µ¥[¨ì sendmail¡C³o·|±N sendmail ±Ò°Ê¦b address test mode¡F¥u­n«ö¤U 0¡A±µµÛ¿é¤J§A§Æ±æ´ú¸Õªº«H¥ó¸ô®|¦ì§}¡C ³Ì«á¤@¦æ§i¶D§A¨Ï¥Î¤º³¡ªº«H¥ó¥N²zµ{¦¡¡A¥N²zµ{¦¡ªº·|³qª¾¥Øªº¥D¾÷¡A ¥H¤Î(¥i¯àÂà´«ªº)¦ì§}¡C­nÂ÷¶}¦¹¼Ò¦¡½Ð«ö Control-D¡C

% sendmail -bt
ADDRESS TEST MODE (ruleset 3 NOT automatically invoked)
Enter <ruleset> <address>
> 3,0 foo@example.com
canonify           input: foo @ example . com
..
parse            returns: $# uucp-dom $@ your.uucp.relay $: foo < @ example . com . >
> ^D

10.12. ·í§Ú¥Î¼·±µ³s¤Wºô¸ô®É¸Ó«ç»ò³]©w«H¥ó»¼°e¡H

¦pªG§A¤w¸g¦³¤@­Ó©T©wªº IP ¼Æ¦r¡A§A¤£»Ý­n½Õ¾ã¥ô¦ó¤º©w­È¡C³]¦n §A­n«ü©wªººô¸ô¦WºÙ¡A¨ä¥Lªº sendmail ³£·|À°§A°µ§¹¡C

¦pªG§A®³¨ìªº¬O°ÊºA°t¸mªº IP ¼Æ¦r¦Ó¨Ï¥Î¼·±µ ppp ³s±µ¨ìºô»Úºô ¸ô¡A§A¥i¯à¤w¸g¦b§Aªº ISP «H¥ó¥D¾÷¤W¦³¤@­Ó«H½c¡C°²³]§Aªº ISP ºô°ì ¬O example.net¡A§Aªº¨Ï¥ÎªÌ¦W ºÙ¬O user¡C¥ç°²³]§AºÙ¦Û¤vªº¥D¾÷¦WºÙ¬O bsd.home ¦Ó§Aªº ISP §i¶D§A¥i¥H¨Ï¥Î relay.example.net ·í§@«H¥ó¦^ÂгB¡C

¬°¤F±q§Aªº«H½c±µ¦¬«H¥ó¡A§A±N»Ý­n¦w¸Ë¨ú«Hµ{¦¡¥H«K±q«H½c¨ú¦^«H¥ó¡C Fetchmail ¬O¤@­Ó¤£¿ùªº¿ï¾Ü¡A¦]¬°¥¦¤ä ´©³\¦h¤£¦Pªº³q°T¨ó©w¡A³q±`§Aªº ISP ·|´£¨Ñ POP3¡C¦pªG§A¿ï¾Ü¨Ï¥Î user-ppp¡A§A¥i¥H¦b³s½u¨ìºô¸ô¦¨¥\«á¦Û°Ê§ì¨ú§Aªº«H¥ó¡A¥u­n¦b /etc/ppp/ppp.linkup¸Ì­±³]©w¥H¤U³o¶µ¡G

MYADDR:
  !bg su user -c fetchmail

°²¨Ï§A¥¿¨Ï¥Î sendmail (¦p¤U©Ò¥Ü) ¶Ç°e«H¥ó¨ì«D¥»¦a±b¸¹¡A¸m¤J¥H¤U©R¥O¡G

  !bg su user -c "sendmail -q"

¦b¤W­±¨º¶µ©R¥O¤§«á¡C³o·|±j­¢ sendmail ¦b³s±µ¤Wºô¸ô«á°¨¤W¶}©l³B²z mailqueue¡C

§Ú°²³]§A¦b bsd.home ¾÷¾¹¤W¦³¤@­Ó user ªº±b¸¹¡C¦b bsd.home ¾÷¾¹¤W user ªº®a¥Ø¿ý¸Ì«Ø¥ß¤@­Ó .fetchmailrc ªºÀɮסG

poll example.net protocol pop3 fetchall pass MySecret

µL¶·Âب¥¡A³o­ÓÀɰ£¤F user ¥~¤£À³¸Ó³Q¥ô ¦ó¤HŪ¨ú¡A¦]¬°¥¦¥]§t MySecret ³o­Ó±K½X¡C

¬°¤F¦b±H«H®É¦³¥¿½Tªº©ïÀY from:¡A§A¥²¶·§i¶D sendmail ¨Ï¥Î user@example.net ¦Ó«D user@bsd.home¡C§A¥i¯à·|§Æ±æ§i¶D sendmail ±q relay.example.net °e¥X©Ò¦³«H¥ó¡A ¥[§Ö«H¥ó¶Ç°e¡C

¥H¤Uªº .mc ÀÉÀ³¯àº¡¨¬§Aªº­n¨D¡G

VERSIONID(`bsd.home.mc version 1.0')
OSTYPE(bsd4.4)dnl
FEATURE(nouucp)dnl
MAILER(local)dnl
MAILER(smtp)dnl
Cwlocalhost
Cwbsd.home
MASQUERADE_AS(`example.net')dnl
FEATURE(allmasquerade)dnl
FEATURE(masquerade_envelope)dnl
FEATURE(nocanonify)dnl
FEATURE(nodns)dnl
define(`SMART_HOST', `relay.example.net')
Dmbsd.home
define(`confDOMAIN_NAME',`bsd.home')dnl
define(`confDELIVERY_MODE',`deferred')dnl

¦p¦óÂà´«³o­Ó .mc Àɮרì sendmail.cf Àɪº¸Ô²Ó²Ó¸`¡A½Ð°Ñ¦Ò¤W¤@¸`¡C ¥t¥~¡A¦b§ó·s sendmail.cf ¥H«á¤£­n§Ñ°O­«·s±Ò°Ê sendmail¡C

10.13. °£¤F Sendmail ¥~¡AÁÙ¦³­þ¨Ç¶l¥ó¦øªA¾¹¥i¥H¨Ï¥Î©O¡H

Sendmail ¬O FreeBSD ¹w³]¨Ï¥Îªº¶l¥ó¦øªA¾¹¡A¦ý¬O§AÁÙ¬O¥i¥H«Ü®e©ö¦a¥H¨ä¥¦ ¶l¥ó¦øªA¾¹ (¨Ò¦p¡A±q port ¦w¸Ëªº¶l¥ó¦øªA¾¹) ¨ú¥N¤§¡C

port ¸Ì¦³«Ü¦h¥i¨Ñ¿ï¾Üªº¶l¥ó¦øªA¾¹¡A¹³ mail/exim¡B mail/postfix¡B mail/qmail¡B mail/zmailer µ¥¡A ´N¬O´X­Ó«Ü¨üÅwªïªº¿ï¾Ü¡C

¦h¼Ë¿ï¾Ü¬O¦n¨Æ¡A¦Ó¥B¤j®a¦³³\¦h¶l¥ó¦øªA¾¹¥i¥H¨Ï¥Î¤]³Q»{¬°¬O ¦n¨Æ¡F©Ò¥H½ÐÁ×§K¦b³q«H½×¾Â¸Ì°Ý¹³ ¡§Sendmail ¦³¤ñ Qmail ¦n¶Ü¡H¡¨ ³o¼Ëªº°ÝÃD¡C¦pªG§A¯uªº«Ü·Q°Ýªº¸Ü¡A½Ð¥ý¨ì³q«H½×¾Â archive ¸Ì§ä¤@¤U¡C¨C¤@­Ó¶l¥ó¦øªA¾¹ªºÀuÂI»P¯ÊÂI¡A¥H«e¤j·§´N¤w¸g °Q½×¦n´X¦¸¤F¡C

10.14. §Ú§Ñ¤F root ±K½X¤F¡I«ç»ò¿ì¡H

¤£­nÅå·W¡I¥u­n­«·s±Ò°Ê¨t²Î¡A¦b¬Ý¨ì Boot: ®É¿é¤J boot -s §Y¥i¶i¤J³æ¨Ï¥ÎªÌ¼Ò¦¡ (¦b 3.2-RELEASE ¤§«eªºª©¥»½Ð§ï¥Î -s)¡C ¦b°Ý­n¨Ï¥Î­þ­Ó shell ®É¡A«ö¤U ENTER¡C§A·|¬Ý¨ì¤@­Ó # ªº´£¥Ü¸¹¡A¿é¤J mount -u / ¥H­«·s±¾¤W(mount) §Aªº®ÚÀɮרt²Î¥i¨ÑŪ/¼g¡C°õ¦æ passwd root ¥H§ó´« root ±K½X¡AµM«á°õ¦æ exit(1) Ä~Äò±Ò°Êµ{§Ç¡C

10.15. §Ú¸Ó«ç»òÅý Control-Alt-Delete ¤£·|­«·s±Ò°Ê¨t²Î¡H

¦pªG§A¬O¨Ï¥Î FreeBSD 2.2.7-RELEASE ©Î¤§«áª©¥»ªº syscons(¨t²Î¤º©wªº¥D±±¥xÅX°Êµ{¦¡)¡A§â¤U¦C³o¦æ©ñ¨ì kernel ³]©wÀɤº¡A µM«á­«°µ¤@­Ó·sªº®Ö¤ß¡G

options SC_DISABLE_REBOOT

­Y¬O¨Ï¥Î FreeBSD 2.2.5-RELEASE ©Î¤§«áª©¥»ªº PCVT ¥D±±¥xÅX°Ê µ{¦¡¡A«h¥H¤U¦C¿ï¶µ¥N´À¡G

options PCVT_CTRL_ALT_DEL

¨ä¥L§ó¦­´Áªº FreeBSD ª©¥»¡A½Ð­×§ï§A¥¿¦b¨Ï¥Îªº¥D±±¥xÁä½L¹ïÀ³¡A ¨Ã±N©Ò¦³ boot ÃöÁä¦r¥H nop ¨ú¥N¡C¤º©wªºÁä½L¹ïÀ³¬O¦b /usr/share/syscons/keymaps/us.iso.kbd¡C §A¥i¯à»Ý­n©ú¥Õªº§h©J /etc/rc.conf ¥hŪ¨ú ³o­ÓÁä½L¹ïÀ³¥H½T«O§ó°Ê¥Í®Ä¡C·íµM¦pªG§A¥¿¦b¥Î¾A¦X§A°êÄyªºÁä½L¹ïÀ³¡A §AÀ³¸Ó½s¿è¨º¤@­Ó¡C

10.16. §Ú¸Ó«ç»ò§â DOS ¤å¦rÀÉ®×­«·s®æ¦¡¤Æ¦¨ UNIX ªº¡H

¥u­n¨Ï¥Î³o­Ó perl ©R¥O¡G

% perl -i.bak -npe 's/\r\n/\n/g' file ...

file ´N¬O­n³B²zªºÀɮסC³o­Ó­×§ï¬O¦b¤º³¡§¹¦¨¡A­ì©lªºÀÉ®×·|Àx¦s¦¨ °ÆÀɦW¬° .bak ªºÀɮסC

©ÎªÌ§A¥i¥H¨Ï¥Î tr(1) ³o­Ó©R¥O¡G

% tr -d '\r' < dos-text-file > unix-file

dos-text-file ¬O¥]§t DOS ¤å¦rªº ÀɮסA¦Ó unix-text-file «h¬O¥]§tÂà´« ªº¿é¥Xµ²ªG¡C³o¤ñ¨Ï¥Î perl ÁÙ­n§Ö¤W¤@ÂIÂI¡C

10.17. §Ú¸Ó«ç»ò¥Î¦WºÙ¬å±¼ process¡H

¨Ï¥Î killall(1) ¡C

10.18. ¬°¦ó¦b su ¤@ª½»¡§Ú¤£¦b root ªº ACL ¸Ì¡H

³o­Ó¿ù»~¬O¦]¬° Kerberos ¤À´²»{ÃÒ¨t²Î¡C³o­Ó°ÝÃD¨Ã¤£¬O«ÜÄY­« ¦ý¬O¥O¤H¹½·Ð¡C§A¥i¥H¥Î -K ¿ï¶µ¥h°õ¦æ su¡A©Î¬O¹³¤U­Ó°ÝÃD©Ò´y­zªº ²¾°£ Kerberos¡C

10.19. §Ú¸Ó«ç»ò²¾°£ Kerberos¡H

­n±q¨t²Î¸Ì²¾°£ Kerberos¡A­«¸Ë§A¥¿¦b°õ¦æªº release ª©¥»ªº bin distribution¡C¦pªG§A¦³ CDROM¡A§A¥i¥H mount cd(°²³]¦b /cdrom) ¨Ã°õ¦æ¡G

# cd /cdrom/bin
# ./install.sh

©ÎªÌ§A¤]¥i¥H±N /etc/make.conf ¸Ìªº "MAKE_KERBEROS" ¿ï¶µ¥þ³£®³±¼¡AµM«á¦A build world.

10.20. §Ú¸Ó«ç»ò¼W¥[¨t²ÎªºµêÀÀ²×ºÝ¾÷¡H

¦pªG§A¦³³\¦h telnet¡Assh¡AX ©Î¬O screen ¨Ï¥ÎªÌ¡A§A©Î³\·|¥Î§¹ µêÀÀ²×ºÝ¾÷¡A³o¯à±Ð§A«ç»ò¥[§ó¦h¡G

  1. «Ø¥ß¨Ã¦w¸Ë¤@­Ó·sªº kernel ¨Ã¥B§â³o¤@¦æ

    pseudo-device pty 256
    

    ¥[¤J¨ì³]©wÀɸ̡C

  2. °õ¦æ³o­Ó©R¥O¡G

    # cd /dev
    # sh MAKEDEV pty{1,2,3,4,5,6,7}
    

    ·|³y¥X 256 ­ÓµêÀÀ²×ºÝ¾÷ªº¸Ë¸m¸`ÂI¡C

  3. ½s¿è /etc/ttys ¨Ã¥[¤J²Å¦X 256 ­Ó²×ºÝ¾÷ªº¦æ¼Æ¡C¥¦­ÌÀ³¸Ó²Å¦X¤w¸g¦s¦b³æ¶µªº®æ¦¡¡AÁ|¨Ò¨Ó»¡¡A ¥¦­Ì¬Ý°_¨Ó¹³¡G

    ttyqc none network
    

    ¦r¥À³]­pªº¶¶§Ç¬O tty[pqrsPQRS][0-9a-v]¡A¨Ï¥Î¥¿³Wªí¥Ü¦¡¡C

  4. ¥Î·sªº kernel ­«·s±Ò°Ê¹q¸£´N¥i¥H¤F¡C

10.21. /dev/snd0 ³o­Ó¸Ë¸m°µ¤£¥X¨Ó¡I

¨Ã¨S snd ³o­Ó¸Ë¸mªº¦s¦b¡C³o­Ó¦W¦r ¬O¥Î¨Ó·í§@¦U­Ó²Õ¦¨ FreeBSD Án­µÅX°Êµ{¦¡²Õ¡A½Ñ¦p mixer¡A sequencer¡A¥H¤Î dsp ªºÂ²ºÙ¡C

¥i¥H¥Î¥H¤Uªº©R¥O§@¥X³o¨Ç¸Ë¸m¡G

# cd /dev
# sh MAKEDEV snd0

10.22. ¥i¥H¤£¥Î¶}¾÷¡A­«·sŪ¨ú /etc/rc.conf¡B ¦A¦¸±Ò°Ê /etc/rc ¶Ü?

¥ý¶i¤J³æ¤H¨Ï¥ÎªÌ¼Ò¦¡¡AµM«á¦A¦^¨ì¦h¨Ï¥ÎªÌ¼Ò¦¡¡C

¦b¥D±±¥x°õ¦æ¡G

# shutdown now
(Note: without -r or -h)

# return
# exit

10.23. §Ú·Q­n§â§Úªº¨t²Îª@¯Å¨ì³Ì·sªº -STABLE¡A¦ý¬O±o¨ìªº¬O -RC ©Î -PRERELEASE¡I«ç»ò¤F¡H

²³æ¦a»¡¡G¨º¥u¬O¦W¦r¦Ó¤w¡CRC ªº·N«ä¬O ¡§Release Candiate¡A µo¦æ­Ô¿ïª©¥»¡¨¡A¥¦ªí¥Ü·sª©¥»§Ö­nµo¦æ¤F¡C¦b FreeBSD ¤¤¡A -PRERELEASE ³q±`¬Oµo¦æ«eªºµ{¦¡½X­áµ²ªº¥N¦Wµü¡C(¦³¨Çµo¦æª©¥»¤¤¡A -BETA ¼ÐÅÒ¸ò -PRERELEASE ¬O¬Û¦P·N«äªº¡C)

¸Ô²Ó¦a»¡¡GFreeBSD ±q¨â­Ó¦a¤è¤À¤ä¥X¥¦ªºµo¦æª©¥»¡C¥Dª©¸¹¡B ÂI¹s¡Brelease (¨Ò¦p 3.0-RELEASE ¤Î 4.0-RELEASE) ªº¡A¬O±qµo®i¹Lµ{ ¶}©l®É¤À¤ä¥X¨Óªº¡A³q±`ºÙ¬° -CURRENT ¡C¦³°Æª©¸¹ªºª©¥» (¨Ò¦p 3.1-RELEASE ©Î 4.2-RELEASE)¡A¬O ¬¡ÅDªº -STABLE ¤À¤ä¤¤ªºµo¦æª©¥» §Ö·Ó¡C±q 4.3-RELEASE ¶}©l¡A¨C¤@­Óµo¦æª©¥»¦³¥¦¦Û¤vªº¤À¤ä¡A¥i¬° °¾¦n·¥«×«O¦uªºµo®i³t«× (³q±`¥u·|§@¦w¥þ¤è­±ªº§ó·s) ªº¤H©Ò¥Î¡C

·Ç³Æ­n»s§@µo¦æª©¥»®É¡A¨ä©Ò¦bªº¤À¤ä·|¸g¹L¤@©wªºµ{§Ç¡C¦³¤@­Ó¬O µ{¦¡½X­áµ²¡C·íµ{¦¡½X­áµ²¶}©l®É¡A¤À¤ä¦WºÙ·|§ó¦W¡A¥H¤Ï¬M¥¦§Ö­n¦¨¬° ¤@­Óµo¦æª©¥»¤F¡CÁ|­Ó¨Ò¤l¡A¦pªG­ì¨Óªº¤À¤ä¥s 4.5-STABLE¡A¥¦ªº¦W¦r ·|Åܦ¨ 4.6-PRERELEASE ¥Hªí¥Üµ{¦¡½X¤w­áµ²¡A¨Ã¥BÃB¥~ªºµo¦æ«e´ú¸Õ ±N­n¶}©l¤F¡C¯äÂΧ󥿤´¥i¦^³ø¡A¥H¦¨¬°µo¦æª©¥»ªº¤@³¡¥÷¡C·íµ{¦¡½X ¦³¤F¥i¦¨¬°µo¦æª©¥»ªºÂú§Î®É¡A¥¦ªº¦W¦r´N·|Åܦ¨ 4.6-RC¡A¥Hªí¥Üµo¦æ ª©¥»§Ö¦n¤F¡C¶i¤J RC ¶¥¬q«á¡A¥u¦³§ä¨ìªº³Ì¦³¼vÅTªº¯äÂΤ~·|³Q­×¥¿¡C ·íµo¦æª©¥» (¥»¨Ò¤¤¬° 4.6-RELEASE) ²£¥Í«á¡Aµo¦æª©¥»·|¦³¦Û¤vªº¤À¤ä¡A ­ì¤À¤ä·|³Q§ó¦W¬° 4.6-STABLE¡C

·Q­n±oª¾§ó¦h¦³Ãöª©¥»¸¹½X»P¦U CVS ¤À¤äªº¸ê°T¡A½Ð°Ñ¦Ò Release Engineering ¤@¤å¡C

10.24. §Ú¸ÕµÛ­n¦w¸Ë¤@­Ó·sªº®Ö¤ß¡A¦ý¬OµLªk chflags¡C§Ú¸Ó«ç»ò¸Ñ¨M¡H

²³æ¦a»¡¡G§Aªº securelevel ¥i¯à¤j©ó¹s¡Cª½±µ­«·s¶}¾÷¨ì ³æ¤H¼Ò¦¡¡A¦A¦w¸Ë®Ö¤ß¡C

¸Ô²Ó¦a»¡¡GFreeBSD ¦b securelevel ¤j©ó¹s±¡ªp¤U¡A¤£¤¹³\ Åܧó¨t²ÎºX¼Ð (system flags)¡C§A¥i¥H¥Î³o­Ó«ü¥OÀˬd§Aªº securelevel¡G

# sysctl kern.securelevel

§A¨S¦³¿ìªk­°§C securelevel¡F§A¥²¶·±Ò°Ê¨t²Î¨ì³æ¤H¼Ò¦¡¥H ¦w¸Ë®Ö¤ß¡A©Î¬O­×§ï /etc/rc.conf ¤ºªº securelevel ¦A­«·s¶}¾÷¡C½Ð°Ñ¦Ò init(8) »¡©ú¤å¥ó¡A¥H¨ú±o §ó¦h¦³Ãö securelevel ªº¸ê°T¡AÁÙ¦³ /etc/defaults/rc.conf ©M rc.conf(5) »¡©ú¤å¥ó¡A¥H¨ú±o§ó¦h¦³Ãö rc.conf ªº¸ê°T¡C

10.25. ¦b§Úªº¨t²Î¤W¡A§ÚµLªkÅܧó®É¶¡¶W¹L¤@¬í¥H¤Wªº½d³ò¡I §Ú¸Ó«ç»ò¿ì¡H

²³æ¦aÁ¿¡G§A¨t²Îªº securelevel ¤]³\¤j©ó 1¡Cª½±µ­«·s¶}¾÷¦Ü ³æ¤H¼Ò¦¡¡AµM«á¦A­×§ï®É¶¡¡C

¸Ô²Ó¦a»¡¡G¦b securelevel ¤j©ó 1 ªº±¡ªp¤U¡AFreeBSD ¤£¤¹³\®É¶¡ Åܰʤj©ó¤@¬í¡C§A¥i¥H¥Î¥H¤Uªº©R¥O¨ÓÀˬd¥Ø«eªº securelevel¡G

# sysctl kern.securelevel

§AµLªk­°§C securelevel¡F§A¥²¶·±Ò°Ê¹q¸£¦Ü³æ¤H¼Ò¦¡¤U¥H­×§ï®É¶¡¡A ©Î¬O­×§ï /etc/rc.conf ¦A­«·s¶}¾÷¡C½Ð°Ñ¦Ò init(8) »¡©ú¤å¥ó¡A¥H¨ú±o§ó¦h¦³Ãö securelevel ªº¸ê°T¡AÁÙ¦³ /etc/defaults/rc.conf ©M rc.conf(5) »¡©ú¤å¥ó¡A¥H¨ú±o§ó¦h¦³Ãö rc.conf ªº¸ê°T¡C

10.26. ¬°¤°»ò rpc.statd ¥Î¤F 256 megabytes ªº°O¾ÐÅé¡H

¤£¡A¨º¤£¬O memory leak¡A¦Ó¥B¥¦¤]¤£¬O¯uªº¥Î¤F 256 Mbyte ªº°O¾ÐÅé¡C¥¦¥u¬O³ßÅw (·N«ä´N¬OÁ`·|³o¼Ë§@) ±N¤@ª¯²¼ªº°O¾ÐÅé ¬MÁ¨쥦¦Û¤vªº¦ì§}ªÅ¶¡¡A¥H¤è«K§@¨Æ¡C´N§Þ³N¦Ó¨¥¡A³o¼Ë¨Ã¨S¦³ ¤°»ò¤£¹ï¡F³o¼Ë¥u¬O·|Åý top(1) ©M ps(1) À~¤@¤j¸õ¦Ó¤w¡C

rpc.statd(8) ·|±N¥¦ªºª¬ºAÀÉ®× (¦ì©ó /var ) ¬M®g¦Ü¥¦ªº¦ì§}ªÅ¶¡¸Ì¡F¬°¤F¨¾¤î»Ý­nªº®É­Ô¦A¼W¤j©Ò ¾É­Pªº­«·s¬M®g¡A¥¦¤@¦¸·|¨Ï¥Î¬Û·í¤jªº¤j¤p¡C±qµ{¦¡½X¨Ó¬Ýªº¸Ü´N §ó©úÅã¤F¡A¥i¥H¬Ý¨ì mmap(2) ªºªø«×°Ñ¼Æ¬° 0x10000000 ¡A¥¦¬O IA32 ¬[ºc¤Wªº¤Q¤»¤À¤§¤@ªº©w§}ªÅ¶¡¡A¤]´N¬O 256MB¡C

10.27. ¬°¤°»ò§Ú¨S¿ìªk¨ú®ø schg Àɮ׺X¼Ð¡H

§A¥¿¦b¤@­Ó´£°ª¤F securelevel (¤]´N¬O¤j©ó 0) ªº¨t²Î¹B§@¡C ­°§C securelevel ¦A¸Õ¸Õ¬Ý¡C½Ð°Ñ¦Ò FAQ ¤¤¹ï securelevel ªº»¡©ú ©M init(8) »¡©ú¤å¥ó¡C

10.28. ¬°¤°»òªñ¨Óªº·sª© FreeBSD ¹w³]µLªk§Q¥Î .shosts §¹¦¨ SSH »{ÃÒ¡H

¬°¤°»òªñ¨Ó·sª© FreeBSD .shosts »{ÃÒ¹w³] ¬°¨ú®øªº­ì¦]¡A¬O¦]¬° ssh(1) ¹w³]¤£¦w¸Ë¬° suid ¦¨ root¡C­n ¡§­×¥¿¡¨ ³oÂI¡A§A¥i¥H§@¤U¦Cªº ¥ô¦ó¤@¥ó¨Æ¡G

  • ­n¤@³Ò¥Ã¶h¸Ñ¨M¡A½Ð±N /etc/make.conf ¸Ìªº ENABLE_SUID_SSH ³]¦¨ true ¡AµM«á¦A­«·s build ssh (©Î¬O°õ¦æ make world)¡C

  • ¥u§@¤@®Éªº­×¥¿ªº¸Ü¡A¥i¥H root ¨­¥÷ °õ¦æ chmod 4755 /usr/bin/ssh ±N /usr/bin/ssh ³]¦¨ 4555 ¡CµM«á±N ENABLE_SUID_SSH= true ¥[¤J /etc/make.conf ¸Ì¡A³o¼Ë¤U¦¸ make world °õ¦æ´N·|¥Í®Ä¤F¡C

10.29. ¤°»ò¬O vnlru?

·í¨t²Î¹F¨ì¤W­­ kern.maxvnodes ®É¡A vnlru ·|²M°£¨ÃÄÀ©ñ vnode¡C³o­Ó®Ö¤ß °õ¦æºü¤j³¡¥÷ªº®É¶¡³£¨S¨Æ§@¡A¥u¦³·í§A¦³«Ü¤jªº°O¾ÐÅé¡A¦Ó¥B ¥¿¦b¦s¨ú¤W¸U­Ó¤pÀɮ׮ɡA¤~·|³Q±Ò°Ê¡C

¥»¤å¤Î¨ä¥L¤å¥ó¡A¥i¥Ñ¦¹¤U¸ü¡Gftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/doc/¡C

­Y¦³ FreeBSD ¤è­±ºÃ°Ý¡A½Ð¥ý¾\Ū FreeBSD ¬ÛÃö¤å¥ó¡A¦p¤£¯à¸Ñ¨Mªº¸Ü¡A¦A¬¢¸ß <questions@FreeBSD.org>¡C
Ãö©ó¥»¤å¥óªº°ÝÃD¡A½Ð¬¢¸ß <doc@FreeBSD.org>¡C