±q 2.0.5R ¨ì 2.2.1R¡A¥Dnªº³]©wÀɬO /etc/sysconfig¡C©Ò¦³ªº¿ï¶µ³£³Q«ü©w¦b³oÓÀÉ¡A ¦Ó¨ä¥L¹³ /etc/rc (°Ñ¨£ rc(8)) ©M /etc/netstart ¥u¬O¤Þ¥Î¥¦¡C
Æ[¹î /etc/sysconfig ³oÓÀɨÃ×¥¿¨äÈ¥H ¾A¦X§Aªº¨t²Î¡C³oÓÀɥεù¸Ñ¶ñº¡¥Hªí¥Ü¦ó³B¸Ó©ñ¸m¤°»ò³]©w¡C
¦b post-2.2.1 ¥H«á¤Î 3.0¡A/etc/sysconfig ¥ç§ó¦W¬°¤@Ó§ó®e©ö´yzªºÀɦW¥s rc.conf(5) ¡A¨Ã¥B»yªk²¤Æ¤F¨Ç¡C /etc/netstart ¥ç§ó¦W¬° /etc/rc.network ¦]¦¹©Ò¦³ªºÀɮ׳£¥i¥H¥Î cp /usr/src/etc/rc* /etc ¨Ó«þ¨©¡C
¦b 3.1 ¥H¤Î¡A/etc/rc.conf ³Q²¾¨ì /etc/defaults/rc.conf¡C ¤d¸U¤£n½s¿è³oÓÀÉ¡I ¦pªG /etc/defaults/rc.conf ¤º¦³·Qn§ó°Êªº¶µ¥Ø¡A §AÀ³¸Ó±N¨º¤@¦æªº¤º®e«þ¨©¨ì /etc/rc.conf¡A µM«á¦Aק復¡C
¨Ò¦p FreeBSD 3.1 ¤Î¥H«áªºª©¥»¤º¡A¦³¤@Ó DNS ¦øªA¾¹ named¡A ¦Ó§A·Qn±Ò°Ê¥¦¡C§A©Ò»Ýn§@ªº¨Æ´N¬O¡G
# echo named_enable="YES" >> /etc/rc.conf
·Qn¦b FreeBSD 3.1 ¤Î¥H«áªºª©¥»¤¤¡A±Ò°Ê¥»¦aºÝªA°Èªº¸Ü¡A±N shell script ¸m©ó /usr/local/etc/rc.d ¥Ø¿ý ¤U¡C³o¨Ç shell script À³¸Ó³]©w¦¨¥i°õ¦æ¡A¨Ã¥BÀɦW¥H .sh µ²§ô¡C ¦b FreeBSD 3.0 ¤Î§ó¦ªºª©¥»¤¤¡A§AÀ³¸Óª½±µ½s¿è /etc/rc.local ÀÉ¡C
/etc/rc.serial¥Î¨Óªì©l¤Æ§Ç¦C°ð ¡]¹³¬OÂê©w°ðªº¯S©Êµ¥¡^¡C
/etc/rc.i386 ¬O Intel ±M¥Î³]©w¡A ¹³¬O iBCS2 ¼ÒÀÀ©Î¬O PC ¨t²Î¥D±±¥x³]©w¡C
¨Ï¥Î adduser(8) «ü¥O¡C¦pªG»Ýn§ó½ÆÂøªº¨Ï¥Î¤è¦¡¡A ½Ð¥Î pw(8) ³oÓ«ü¥O¡C
n¦A¦¸²¾°£¨Ï¥ÎªÌ¡A¨Ï¥Î rmuser(8) «ü¥O¡CÁÙ¦³¡A pw(8) ¤]¥i¥H¨Ï¥Î¡C
³q±`³£¬O¦]¬°½s¿è¤F¨t²Îªº crontab (/etc/crontab) µM«á´N¥Î crontab(1) ¥h¦w¸Ë¥¦¡G
# crontab /etc/crontab
³o¼Ë§@¬O¤£¹ïªº¡C¨t²Îªº crontab ©M crontab(1) ©Ò§ó·sªº¨Ï¥ÎªÌªº crontab ®æ¦¡¨Ã¤£¤@¼Ë (crontab(5) »¡©ú¤å¥ó°w¹ï®t²§³B¦³¸Ô²Óªº»¡©ú)¡C
¦pªG§A¤w¸g¥Î³oºØ¤èªk¡AÃB¥~¦h¥Xªº crontab ¥u´N¬O /etc/crontab ªº«þ¨©¡A¥u¬O®æ¦¡¬O¿ù»~ªº¡C ¥i¥Î¥H¤Uªº©R¥O§R°£¡G
# crontab -r
¤U¦¸§A½s¿è /etc/crontab Àɮתº®ÉÔ¡A §A¤£¥Î§@¥ô¦ó°Ê§@¥h³qª¾ cron(8) ¡A¥¦¦Û°Ê·|¥h°»´ú¬O§_¦³§ó°Ê¡C
¦pªG§A·Qn¨C¤Ñ¡B¨C¶g¡B©Î¬O¨C¤ë©T©w°õ¦æ¬Y¨Ç°Ê§@¤@¦¸¡A¤]³\¥[Ó shell script ¦b /usr/local/etc/periodic ¥Ø¿ý¤U·|§ó¦n¡A¨t²Îªº cron ·|©T©w°õ¦æ periodic(8) ©R¥O¡A ¥¦¥i±N§Aªºµ{¦¡©M¨ä¥¦ªº¨t²Î¶g´Á©Ê¤u§@¤@°_°õ¦æ¡C
³oÓ¿ù»~ªº¯u¥¿ì¦]¡A¬O¦]¬°¨t²Îªº crontab ¦³¤@ÓÃB¥~ªºÄæ¦ì¡A »¡©ú¸Ó©R¥On¥H¤°»ò¨Ï¥ÎªÌ¨¥÷°õ¦æ¡C¦b FreeBSD ªº¹w³]¨t²Î crontab ¤¤¡A©Ò¦³ªº¶µ¥Ø³£¬O root¡C ·í³oÓ crontab ³Q·í§@¬O root ªº¨Ï¥ÎªÌ crontab (¥¦©M¨t²Îªº crontab ¬O ¤£ ¤@¼Ëªº)¡Acron(8) ·|¥H¬° root ¦r¦ê¬O±ý°õ¦æªº©R¥Oªº²Ä¤@Ó¦r¡A¦ý¬O¹ê»Ú¤W ¨Ã¨S¦³³o¼Ëªº©R¥O¦s¦b¡C
10.4. ¬°¤°»ò§Ú·Qn¥Î su ¦¨¬° root ®É¡A·|±o¨ì ¡§you are not in the correct group to su root¡¨ ªº¿ù»~°T®§¡H
³o¬O¤@Ó¦w¥þ¯S©Ê¡C·Qn§Q¥Î su ¦¨¬° root (©Î¨ä¥¦¦³ superuser Åvªº±b¸¹)¡A§A¤@©wn¦b wheel ¸s²Õ¤º¡C¦pªG¨S¦³³oÓ¯S©Êªº¸Ü¡A ¥ô¦ó¤H¥un¦b¨t²Î¸Ì¦³±b¸¹¡A¨Ã¥B«ê¥©ª¾¹D root ªº±K½X¡A´N¥i¥H¨ú±o superuser µ¥¯ÅªºÅv¥H¦s¨ú¨t²Î¡C¦³¤F³oÓ¯S©Ê¡A ³o¼Ëªº±¡ªp´N¤£·|µo¥Í¡F¦pªG¨Ï¥ÎªÌ¤£¦b wheel ¸s²Õ¤ºªº¸Ü¡Asu(1) ·|Åý¥L̳s¸ÕµÛÁä¤J±K½Xªº¾÷·|³£¨S¦³¡C
nÅý¬Y¤H¥i¥H§Q¥Î su ¦¨¬° root ªº¸Ü¡A ¥un§â¥LÌ©ñ¤J wheel ¸s²Õ¤º§Y¥i¡C
10.5. §Ú¦b rc.conf ÁÙ¬O¬YÓ°_°ÊÀɮ׸̥ǤF¿ù»~¡A ¦]¬°Àɮרt²ÎÅܦ¨°ßŪªº¡A§ÚµLªk¥h½s¿è¥¦¡C§Ú¸Ó«ç»ò¿ì¡H
·í¹q¸£°Ý§A shell §¹¾ã¸ô®|¦W®É¡A¥un«ö ENTER ¡AµM«á°õ¦æ mount / ¥HŪ¼g¼Ò¦¡ «·s±¾¸ü®ÚÀɮרt²Î¡C§A¤]³\»Ýn°õ¦æ mount -a -t ufs ¡A±N§AºD¥Îªº¤å¦r½s¿è¾¹©Ò¦bªºÀɮרt²Î±¾¸ü¤W¨Ó¡C¦pªG §AºD¥Îªº¤å¦r½s¿è¾¹¦bºô¸ôÀɮרt²Î¤Wªº¸Ü¡A§A¥²¶·¥ý¤â°Ê±Nºô¸ô³]©w °_¨Ó¡A¥H«K±Nºô¸ôÀɮרt²Î±¾¸ü¤W¨Ó¡A©Î¬O¨Ï¥Î¥»¦aºÝÀɮרt²Î¤Wªº ½s¿è¾¹¡A¨Ò¦p ed(1)¡C
¦pªG§A·Qn¨Ï¥Î¹³ vi(1) ©Î¬O emacs(1) µ¥ªº¥þ¿Ã¹õ ¤å¦r½s¿è¾¹ªº¸Ü¡A§A¤]»Ýn°õ¦æ export TERM=cons25 ¡A¥H«KÅý³o¨Ç½s¿è¾¹¯à°÷±q termcap(5) ¸ê®Æ®w¸ÌŪ¨ú¥¿½Tªº¸ê®Æ¡C
·í§A¤w¸g§¹¦¨¤F³o¨Ç¨BÆJ«á¡A§A¥i¥H·Ó§A¥±`×§ï¤åªk¿ù»~ªº¤è¦¡ ¥h½s¿è /etc/rc.conf ÀɮסC¦b®Ö¤ß (kernel) ±Ò°Ê®É©ÒÅã¥Üªº¿ù»~°T®§¡A¯à°÷§i¶D§AÀɮפ¤þ¤@¦æ¦³¿ù»~¡C
½Ð°Ñ¦Ò¤@¤U Handbook ¤¤¡A¦³Ãö¦C¦Lªº³¡¥÷¡C¥¦À³¸Ó¯à°÷¸Ñ¨M §A¤j³¡¥÷ªº°ÝÃD¡C½Ð°Ñ¦Ò Handbook ¤¤ªº¦C¦L³¡¥÷¡C
¦³¨Ç¦Lªí¾÷»Ýn¥D¾÷¤ä´©ªºÅX°Êµ{¦¡ (host-based driver) ¤~¯à °õ¦æ¥ô¦ó¦C¦L¥\¯à¡CFreeBSD ¥»¨¨Ã¤£¤ä´©³o¨Ç©Ò¿×ªº ¡§WinPrinters¡¨¡C ¦pªG§Aªº¦Lªí¾÷µLªk¦b DOS ©Î Windows NT 4.0 ¤U°õ¦æ¡A¨º¥¦¤j·§´N¬O¤@¥x WinPrinter¡C§A°ß¤@¯à¨Ï¥Î ³o¼Ëªº¦Lªí¾÷ªº§Æ±æ¡A´N¬O¸Õ¸Õ print/pnm2ppa ¤ä¤£¤ä´©¥¦¤F¡C
½Ð°Ñ¦Ò Handbook ¤¤ªº using localization ³¹¸`¡A¤×¨ä¬O console setup ³¹¸`¡C
¥H¤U¬O±q FreeBSD-CURRENT ³q«H½×¾Âªº¤@½g¤å³¹¤¤¸`¿ý¥X¨Óªº¡C
¡§µLªk«ü¬£¸ê·½ (can't assign resources)¡¨ °T®§ªí¥Ü ¨º¨Ç¸Ë¸m¬O¶Ç²Îªº ISA ¸Ë¸m¡A¦Ó®Ö¤ß¤¤¤w¸g½s¤J¤£»{±o PNP ªºÅX°Êµ{ ¦¡¡C³o¨Ç¸Ë¸m¥]¬AÁä½L±±¨î¾¹¡A¥iµ{¦¡¤Æ§ÃÂ_±±¨î´¹¤ù¡AÁÙ¦³´XÓ¼Ð·Ç ³]³Æ¡C¸ê·½µLªk«ü¬£µ¹³o¨Ç¸Ë¸m¡A¬O¦]¬°¦¤w¦³ÅX°Êµ{¦¡¨Ï¥Î¨º¨Ç¦ì§} ¤F¡C |
||
--Garrett Wollman
<wollman@FreeBSD.org> , 2001 ¦~¥|¤ë 24
¤é |
¥i¯à§A kernel ³]©w¥¼¥[¤J quotas ¤ä´©(¹w³]¬OµL)¡C¦pªG¬O³o¼Ë¤lªº¸Ü¡A ¨º»ò½Ð§â¤U±³o¦æ¥[¨ì kernel ³]©wÀɤº¨Ã«·s½sĶ¡B¦w¸Ë¡G
options QUOTA
²Ó¸`³¡¤À¡A½Ð°Ñ¾\ Handbook ¤ºªº quotas ³¹¸`¡C
½Ð¤£nª½±µ¦b / ¥´¶} quotas
§â quotas ÀÉ©ñ¦b¥¦¥²¶·±j¢¸m¤JªºÀɮרt²Î¤º¡AÁ|¨Ò¡G
¬Oªº¡AFreeBSD ¤ä´© System V-style IPC¡C³o¥]¬A¦@¨É°O¾ÐÅé¡A °T®§¸ò«H¸¹¡C§A»Ýn¦b§Aªº kernel ³]©wÀɤº¥[¤J¤U¦C´X¦æ¥H±Ò°Ê¥¦Ì¡C
options SYSVSHM # enable shared memory options SYSVSEM # enable for semaphores options SYSVMSG # enable for messaging
Note: ¦b FreeBSD 3.2 ¥H¤Î¤§«áªºª©¥»¡A³o¨Ç¿ï¶µ¤w¸g¬O GENERIC ®Ö¤ßªº¤@³¡¥÷¡A¤]´N¬O»¡¥¦Ì¤w ¸g½s¶i¤F§Aªº¨t²Î¤¤¡C
«·s½sĶ¨Ã¦w¸Ë¡C
¸òÀH FreeBSD ®M¸Ë¦Ó¨Óªº sendmail ³]©w¬O¾A¦X¨º¨Çª½±µ³s¤Wºô»Úºô¸ô ªº¯¸¥x¡C·Q³z¹L UUCP ¥æ´«¶l¥óªº¯¸¥x¥²¶·¥t¥~¦w¸Ë sendmail ªº³]©wÀɮסC
¤â°Ê×§ï /etc/sendmail.cf ¬Oµ´¹ï¥²nªº¡C ²Ä 8 ª©ªº sendmail ´£¨Ñ¤@Ó¥þ·sªº¤J¤f¥H³z¹L¤@¨Ç¹³ m4(1) ªº³B²z´N¯à²£¥Í³]©wÀÉ¡A³o¨Æ¹ê¤W¬O¤@Ó°ª¼h·§©Àµ¥¯Åªº§Þ¥©©Ê³]©w¡C §AÀ³¸Ó¥i¥H¦b /usr/src/usr.sbin/sendmail/cf ¥H¤U¸Ì¨Ï¥Î¥¦¡G
°²¦p§A¤£¬O¥Î full sources ¤è¦¡¦w¸Ë¨t²Î¡A¨º»ò sendmail ³]©w¶µ¥Ø¥i¯à¤w¸g¤À´²¦¨¦n´XÓ¨Ó·½¤À¥¬Àɦbµ¥µÛ§A¡A°²³]§A¤w¸g mount ¥úºÐ¾÷¡A°µ¥H¤U°Ê§@¡G
# cd /cdrom/src # cat scontrib.?? | tar xzf - -C /usr/src contrib/sendmail
§OÅå·W¡A³o¥u¦³¼Æ¤Q¸UӦ줸²Õªº¤j¤p¡C¦b cf ¥Ø¿ý¸Ìªº README ¥i¥H´£¨Ñ¤@Ó m4 ³]©wªkªº°ò ¥»¤¶²Ð¡C
¥H UUCP »¼°e¨Ó»¡¡A«ØÄ³§A³Ì¦n¨Ï¥Î mailertable ¯SÂI¡C«Øºc¤@Ó¸ê®Æ®wÅý sendmail ¥i¥H¨Ï¥Î¥¦¦Û¤vªº¸ô®|¨Mµ¦¡C
º¥ý¡A§A¥²¶·«Ø¥ß¦Û¤vªº .mc ÀÉ¡C /usr/src/usr.sbin/sendmail/cf/cf ¥Ø¿ý¬O³o¨Ç Àɮתº®a¡C¬d¬Ý¤@¤U¡A¤w¸g¦³¦n´XÓ½d¨ÒÀÉ¡A°²³]§A¤w¸g©R¦W¦Û¤vªºÀÉ¥s foo.mc¡A§An°µªº¥u¬O§â¥¦Âà´«¦¨¤@Ó¦³®Äªº sendmail.cf¡G
# cd /usr/src/usr.sbin/sendmail/cf/cf # make foo.cf # cp foo.cf /etc/mail/sendmail.cf
¤@Ө嫬ªº .mc Àɬݰ_¨Ó¥i¯à¹³³o¼Ë¡G
VERSIONID(`Your version number') OSTYPE(bsd4.4) FEATURE(accept_unresolvable_domains) FEATURE(nocanonify) FEATURE(mailertable, `hash -o /etc/mail/mailertable') define(`UUCP_RELAY', your.uucp.relay) define(`UUCP_MAX_SIZE', 200000) define(`confDONT_PROBE_INTERFACES') MAILER(local) MAILER(smtp) MAILER(uucp) Cw your.alias.host.name Cw youruucpnodename.UUCP
accept_unresolvable_domains¡A nocanonify¡A ©M confDONT_PROBE_INTERFACES ¯S©Ê±NÁ×§K¥ô¦ó¦b »¼°e¶l¥ó®É·|¥Î¨ì DNS ªº¾÷·|¡CUUCP_RELAY ¶µ¥Øªº¥X²{²z¥Ñ«Ü©_©Ç¡A´N¤£n°Ý¬°¦ó¤F¡C²³æªº©ñ¤J¤@Óºô»Úºô¸ô ¤W¥i¥H³B²z .UUCP µêÀÀºô°ì¦ì§}ªº¥D¾÷¦WºÙ¡F³q±`¡A§A¥u»Ýn¦b³o ¸Ì¶ñ¤J§A ISP ªº«H¥ó¦^ÂгB (mail replay)¡C
§A¤w¸g°µ¨ì³o¸Ì¤F¡A§AÁÙ»Ýn³oÓ¥s /etc/mail/mailertable¡C¦pªG§A¥u¦³¤@ӥΠ¨Ó¶Ç»¼©Ò¦³¶l¥óªº¹ï¥~³q¹Dªº¸Ü¡A¥H¤UªºÀÉ®×´N¨¬°÷¤F¡G
# # makemap hash /etc/mail/mailertable.db < /etc/mail/mailertable uucp-dom:your.uucp.relay
¥t¤@Ó§ó½ÆÂøªº¨Ò¤l¬Ý°_¨Ó¹³³o¼Ë¡G
# # makemap hash /etc/mail/mailertable.db < /etc/mail/mailertable # horus.interface-business.de uucp-dom:horus interface-business.de uucp-dom:if-bus interface-business.de uucp-dom:if-bus heep.sax.de smtp8:%1 horus.UUCP uucp-dom:horus if-bus.UUCP uucp-dom:if-bus uucp-dom:
¦p§A©Ò¨£¡A³o¬O¬YÓ¯u¹êÀɮ׸̪º¤@³¡¥÷¡Cº¤T¦æ³B²zºô°ì©w§}«H¥ó ¤£À³¸Ó³Q°e¥X¨ì¤º©w¸ô®|¡A¦Ó¥Ñ¬Y¨Ç UUCP ¾F©~(UUCP neighbor)¨ú¥N ªº¯S®í±¡§Î¡A³o¬O¬°¤F ¡§ÁYµu¡¨»¼°eªº¸ô®|¡C¤U¤@¦æ³B²z¨ì ¥»¦a¤A¤Óºô¸ôºô°ìªº«H¥óÅý¥¦¥i¥H¨Ï¥Î SMTP ¨Ó»¼°e¡C³Ì«á¡AUUCP ¾F©~´£¨ì .UUCP µêÀÀºô°ìªº°O¸ü¡A¤¹³\¤@Ó uucp-neighbor !recipient ±À½ ¤º©w³W«h¡C³Ì«á¤@¦æ«h¥H¤@Ó³æ¿Wªº¥yÂI°µµ²§ô¡A¥H UUCP »¼°e¨ì´£¨Ñ·í §A¥þ¥@¬É©Ê¶l¥ó¹hªùªºUUCP ¾F©~¡C©Ò¦³¦b uucp-dom: ÃöÁä¦r¸Ìªº¸`ÂI¦WºÙ¥²¶·³£¬O¦³®Äªº UUCP ¾F©~¡A§A¥i¥H¥Î uuname ©R¥O¥h½T»{¡C
´£¿ô§A³oÓÀɮצb¨Ï¥Î«e¥²¶·³QÂà´«¦¨ DBM ¸ê®Æ®wÀɮסA³Ì¦n¦b mailertable ³Ì¤W±¥Îµù¸Ñ¼g¥X©R¥O¦C¨Ó§¹¦¨³oÓ¤u§@¡C·í§A¨C¦¸§ó´«§A ªº mailertable «á§AÁ`¬O»Ýn°õ¦æ³oÓ©R¥O¡C
³Ì«á´£¥Ü¡G¦pªG§A¤£½T©w¬Y¨Ç¯S©wªº«H¥ó¸ô®|¥i¥Î¡A°O±o§â -bt
¿ï¶µ¥[¨ì sendmail¡C³o·|±N sendmail ±Ò°Ê¦b address test mode¡F¥un«ö¤U 0¡A±µµÛ¿é¤J§A§Æ±æ´ú¸Õªº«H¥ó¸ô®|¦ì§}¡C
³Ì«á¤@¦æ§i¶D§A¨Ï¥Î¤º³¡ªº«H¥ó¥N²zµ{¦¡¡A¥N²zµ{¦¡ªº·|³qª¾¥Øªº¥D¾÷¡A
¥H¤Î(¥i¯àÂà´«ªº)¦ì§}¡CnÂ÷¶}¦¹¼Ò¦¡½Ð«ö Control-D¡C
% sendmail -bt ADDRESS TEST MODE (ruleset 3 NOT automatically invoked) Enter <ruleset> <address> > 3,0 foo@example.com canonify input: foo @ example . com .. parse returns: $# uucp-dom $@ your.uucp.relay $: foo < @ example . com . > > ^D
¦pªG§A¤w¸g¦³¤@Ó©T©wªº IP ¼Æ¦r¡A§A¤£»Ýn½Õ¾ã¥ô¦ó¤º©wÈ¡C³]¦n §An«ü©wªººô¸ô¦WºÙ¡A¨ä¥Lªº sendmail ³£·|À°§A°µ§¹¡C
¦pªG§A®³¨ìªº¬O°ÊºA°t¸mªº IP ¼Æ¦r¦Ó¨Ï¥Î¼·±µ ppp ³s±µ¨ìºô»Úºô ¸ô¡A§A¥i¯à¤w¸g¦b§Aªº ISP «H¥ó¥D¾÷¤W¦³¤@Ó«H½c¡C°²³]§Aªº ISP ºô°ì ¬O example.net¡A§Aªº¨Ï¥ÎªÌ¦W ºÙ¬O user¡C¥ç°²³]§AºÙ¦Û¤vªº¥D¾÷¦WºÙ¬O bsd.home ¦Ó§Aªº ISP §i¶D§A¥i¥H¨Ï¥Î relay.example.net ·í§@«H¥ó¦^ÂгB¡C
¬°¤F±q§Aªº«H½c±µ¦¬«H¥ó¡A§A±N»Ýn¦w¸Ë¨ú«Hµ{¦¡¥H«K±q«H½c¨ú¦^«H¥ó¡C Fetchmail ¬O¤@Ó¤£¿ùªº¿ï¾Ü¡A¦]¬°¥¦¤ä ´©³\¦h¤£¦Pªº³q°T¨ó©w¡A³q±`§Aªº ISP ·|´£¨Ñ POP3¡C¦pªG§A¿ï¾Ü¨Ï¥Î user-ppp¡A§A¥i¥H¦b³s½u¨ìºô¸ô¦¨¥\«á¦Û°Ê§ì¨ú§Aªº«H¥ó¡A¥un¦b /etc/ppp/ppp.linkup¸Ì±³]©w¥H¤U³o¶µ¡G
MYADDR: !bg su user -c fetchmail
°²¨Ï§A¥¿¨Ï¥Î sendmail (¦p¤U©Ò¥Ü) ¶Ç°e«H¥ó¨ì«D¥»¦a±b¸¹¡A¸m¤J¥H¤U©R¥O¡G
!bg su user -c "sendmail -q"
¦b¤W±¨º¶µ©R¥O¤§«á¡C³o·|±j¢ sendmail ¦b³s±µ¤Wºô¸ô«á°¨¤W¶}©l³B²z mailqueue¡C
§Ú°²³]§A¦b bsd.home ¾÷¾¹¤W¦³¤@Ó user ªº±b¸¹¡C¦b bsd.home ¾÷¾¹¤W user ªº®a¥Ø¿ý¸Ì«Ø¥ß¤@Ó .fetchmailrc ªºÀɮסG
poll example.net protocol pop3 fetchall pass MySecret
µL¶·Âب¥¡A³oÓÀɰ£¤F user ¥~¤£À³¸Ó³Q¥ô ¦ó¤HŪ¨ú¡A¦]¬°¥¦¥]§t MySecret ³oÓ±K½X¡C
¬°¤F¦b±H«H®É¦³¥¿½Tªº©ïÀY from:¡A§A¥²¶·§i¶D sendmail ¨Ï¥Î user@example.net ¦Ó«D user@bsd.home¡C§A¥i¯à·|§Æ±æ§i¶D sendmail ±q relay.example.net °e¥X©Ò¦³«H¥ó¡A ¥[§Ö«H¥ó¶Ç°e¡C
¥H¤Uªº .mc ÀÉÀ³¯àº¡¨¬§Aªºn¨D¡G
VERSIONID(`bsd.home.mc version 1.0') OSTYPE(bsd4.4)dnl FEATURE(nouucp)dnl MAILER(local)dnl MAILER(smtp)dnl Cwlocalhost Cwbsd.home MASQUERADE_AS(`example.net')dnl FEATURE(allmasquerade)dnl FEATURE(masquerade_envelope)dnl FEATURE(nocanonify)dnl FEATURE(nodns)dnl define(`SMART_HOST', `relay.example.net') Dmbsd.home define(`confDOMAIN_NAME',`bsd.home')dnl define(`confDELIVERY_MODE',`deferred')dnl
¦p¦óÂà´«³oÓ .mc Àɮרì sendmail.cf Àɪº¸Ô²Ó²Ó¸`¡A½Ð°Ñ¦Ò¤W¤@¸`¡C ¥t¥~¡A¦b§ó·s sendmail.cf ¥H«á¤£n§Ñ°O«·s±Ò°Ê sendmail¡C
Sendmail ¬O FreeBSD ¹w³]¨Ï¥Îªº¶l¥ó¦øªA¾¹¡A¦ý¬O§AÁÙ¬O¥i¥H«Ü®e©ö¦a¥H¨ä¥¦ ¶l¥ó¦øªA¾¹ (¨Ò¦p¡A±q port ¦w¸Ëªº¶l¥ó¦øªA¾¹) ¨ú¥N¤§¡C
port ¸Ì¦³«Ü¦h¥i¨Ñ¿ï¾Üªº¶l¥ó¦øªA¾¹¡A¹³ mail/exim¡B mail/postfix¡B mail/qmail¡B mail/zmailer µ¥¡A ´N¬O´XӫܨüÅwªïªº¿ï¾Ü¡C
¦h¼Ë¿ï¾Ü¬O¦n¨Æ¡A¦Ó¥B¤j®a¦³³\¦h¶l¥ó¦øªA¾¹¥i¥H¨Ï¥Î¤]³Q»{¬°¬O ¦n¨Æ¡F©Ò¥H½ÐÁ×§K¦b³q«H½×¾Â¸Ì°Ý¹³ ¡§Sendmail ¦³¤ñ Qmail ¦n¶Ü¡H¡¨ ³o¼Ëªº°ÝÃD¡C¦pªG§A¯uªº«Ü·Q°Ýªº¸Ü¡A½Ð¥ý¨ì³q«H½×¾Â archive ¸Ì§ä¤@¤U¡C¨C¤@Ó¶l¥ó¦øªA¾¹ªºÀuÂI»P¯ÊÂI¡A¥H«e¤j·§´N¤w¸g °Q½×¦n´X¦¸¤F¡C
¤£nÅå·W¡I¥un«·s±Ò°Ê¨t²Î¡A¦b¬Ý¨ì Boot: ®É¿é¤J boot -s §Y¥i¶i¤J³æ¨Ï¥ÎªÌ¼Ò¦¡ (¦b 3.2-RELEASE ¤§«eªºª©¥»½Ð§ï¥Î -s)¡C ¦b°Ýn¨Ï¥ÎþÓ shell ®É¡A«ö¤U ENTER¡C§A·|¬Ý¨ì¤@Ó # ªº´£¥Ü¸¹¡A¿é¤J mount -u / ¥H«·s±¾¤W(mount) §Aªº®ÚÀɮרt²Î¥i¨ÑŪ/¼g¡C°õ¦æ passwd root ¥H§ó´« root ±K½X¡AµM«á°õ¦æ exit(1) Ä~Äò±Ò°Êµ{§Ç¡C
¦pªG§A¬O¨Ï¥Î FreeBSD 2.2.7-RELEASE ©Î¤§«áª©¥»ªº syscons(¨t²Î¤º©wªº¥D±±¥xÅX°Êµ{¦¡)¡A§â¤U¦C³o¦æ©ñ¨ì kernel ³]©wÀɤº¡A µM«á«°µ¤@Ó·sªº®Ö¤ß¡G
options SC_DISABLE_REBOOT
Y¬O¨Ï¥Î FreeBSD 2.2.5-RELEASE ©Î¤§«áª©¥»ªº PCVT ¥D±±¥xÅX°Ê µ{¦¡¡A«h¥H¤U¦C¿ï¶µ¥N´À¡G
options PCVT_CTRL_ALT_DEL
¨ä¥L§ó¦´Áªº FreeBSD ª©¥»¡A½Ð×§ï§A¥¿¦b¨Ï¥Îªº¥D±±¥xÁä½L¹ïÀ³¡A ¨Ã±N©Ò¦³ boot ÃöÁä¦r¥H nop ¨ú¥N¡C¤º©wªºÁä½L¹ïÀ³¬O¦b /usr/share/syscons/keymaps/us.iso.kbd¡C §A¥i¯à»Ýn©ú¥Õªº§h©J /etc/rc.conf ¥hŪ¨ú ³oÓÁä½L¹ïÀ³¥H½T«O§ó°Ê¥Í®Ä¡C·íµM¦pªG§A¥¿¦b¥Î¾A¦X§A°êÄyªºÁä½L¹ïÀ³¡A §AÀ³¸Ó½s¿è¨º¤@Ó¡C
¥un¨Ï¥Î³oÓ perl ©R¥O¡G
% perl -i.bak -npe 's/\r\n/\n/g' file ...
file ´N¬On³B²zªºÀɮסC³oÓ×§ï¬O¦b¤º³¡§¹¦¨¡Aì©lªºÀÉ®×·|Àx¦s¦¨ °ÆÀɦW¬° .bak ªºÀɮסC
©ÎªÌ§A¥i¥H¨Ï¥Î tr(1) ³oÓ©R¥O¡G
% tr -d '\r' < dos-text-file > unix-file
dos-text-file ¬O¥]§t DOS ¤å¦rªº ÀɮסA¦Ó unix-text-file «h¬O¥]§tÂà´« ªº¿é¥Xµ²ªG¡C³o¤ñ¨Ï¥Î perl ÁÙn§Ö¤W¤@ÂIÂI¡C
¨Ï¥Î killall(1) ¡C
³oÓ¿ù»~¬O¦]¬° Kerberos ¤À´²»{ÃÒ¨t²Î¡C³oÓ°ÝÃD¨Ã¤£¬O«ÜÄY« ¦ý¬O¥O¤H¹½·Ð¡C§A¥i¥H¥Î -K ¿ï¶µ¥h°õ¦æ su¡A©Î¬O¹³¤UÓ°ÝÃD©Ò´yzªº ²¾°£ Kerberos¡C
n±q¨t²Î¸Ì²¾°£ Kerberos¡A«¸Ë§A¥¿¦b°õ¦æªº release ª©¥»ªº bin distribution¡C¦pªG§A¦³ CDROM¡A§A¥i¥H mount cd(°²³]¦b /cdrom) ¨Ã°õ¦æ¡G
# cd /cdrom/bin # ./install.sh
©ÎªÌ§A¤]¥i¥H±N /etc/make.conf ¸Ìªº "MAKE_KERBEROS" ¿ï¶µ¥þ³£®³±¼¡AµM«á¦A build world.
¦pªG§A¦³³\¦h telnet¡Assh¡AX ©Î¬O screen ¨Ï¥ÎªÌ¡A§A©Î³\·|¥Î§¹ µêÀÀ²×ºÝ¾÷¡A³o¯à±Ð§A«ç»ò¥[§ó¦h¡G
«Ø¥ß¨Ã¦w¸Ë¤@Ó·sªº kernel ¨Ã¥B§â³o¤@¦æ
pseudo-device pty 256
¥[¤J¨ì³]©wÀɸ̡C
°õ¦æ³oÓ©R¥O¡G
# cd /dev # sh MAKEDEV pty{1,2,3,4,5,6,7}
·|³y¥X 256 ÓµêÀÀ²×ºÝ¾÷ªº¸Ë¸m¸`ÂI¡C
½s¿è /etc/ttys ¨Ã¥[¤J²Å¦X 256 Ӳ׺ݾ÷ªº¦æ¼Æ¡C¥¦ÌÀ³¸Ó²Å¦X¤w¸g¦s¦b³æ¶µªº®æ¦¡¡AÁ|¨Ò¨Ó»¡¡A ¥¦Ì¬Ý°_¨Ó¹³¡G
ttyqc none network
¦r¥À³]pªº¶¶§Ç¬O tty[pqrsPQRS][0-9a-v]¡A¨Ï¥Î¥¿³Wªí¥Ü¦¡¡C
¥Î·sªº kernel «·s±Ò°Ê¹q¸£´N¥i¥H¤F¡C
¨Ã¨S snd ³oӸ˸mªº¦s¦b¡C³oÓ¦W¦r ¬O¥Î¨Ó·í§@¦UÓ²Õ¦¨ FreeBSD ÁnµÅX°Êµ{¦¡²Õ¡A½Ñ¦p mixer¡A sequencer¡A¥H¤Î dsp ªºÂ²ºÙ¡C
¥i¥H¥Î¥H¤Uªº©R¥O§@¥X³o¨Ç¸Ë¸m¡G
# cd /dev # sh MAKEDEV snd0
¥ý¶i¤J³æ¤H¨Ï¥ÎªÌ¼Ò¦¡¡AµM«á¦A¦^¨ì¦h¨Ï¥ÎªÌ¼Ò¦¡¡C
¦b¥D±±¥x°õ¦æ¡G
# shutdown now (Note: without -r or -h) # return # exit
²³æ¦a»¡¡G¨º¥u¬O¦W¦r¦Ó¤w¡CRC ªº·N«ä¬O ¡§Release Candiate¡A µo¦æÔ¿ïª©¥»¡¨¡A¥¦ªí¥Ü·sª©¥»§Önµo¦æ¤F¡C¦b FreeBSD ¤¤¡A -PRERELEASE ³q±`¬Oµo¦æ«eªºµ{¦¡½Xáµ²ªº¥N¦Wµü¡C(¦³¨Çµo¦æª©¥»¤¤¡A -BETA ¼ÐÅÒ¸ò -PRERELEASE ¬O¬Û¦P·N«äªº¡C)
¸Ô²Ó¦a»¡¡GFreeBSD ±q¨âÓ¦a¤è¤À¤ä¥X¥¦ªºµo¦æª©¥»¡C¥Dª©¸¹¡B ÂI¹s¡Brelease (¨Ò¦p 3.0-RELEASE ¤Î 4.0-RELEASE) ªº¡A¬O±qµo®i¹Lµ{ ¶}©l®É¤À¤ä¥X¨Óªº¡A³q±`ºÙ¬° -CURRENT ¡C¦³°Æª©¸¹ªºª©¥» (¨Ò¦p 3.1-RELEASE ©Î 4.2-RELEASE)¡A¬O ¬¡ÅDªº -STABLE ¤À¤ä¤¤ªºµo¦æª©¥» §Ö·Ó¡C±q 4.3-RELEASE ¶}©l¡A¨C¤@Óµo¦æª©¥»¦³¥¦¦Û¤vªº¤À¤ä¡A¥i¬° °¾¦n·¥«×«O¦uªºµo®i³t«× (³q±`¥u·|§@¦w¥þ¤è±ªº§ó·s) ªº¤H©Ò¥Î¡C
·Ç³Æn»s§@µo¦æª©¥»®É¡A¨ä©Ò¦bªº¤À¤ä·|¸g¹L¤@©wªºµ{§Ç¡C¦³¤@Ó¬O µ{¦¡½Xáµ²¡C·íµ{¦¡½Xáµ²¶}©l®É¡A¤À¤ä¦WºÙ·|§ó¦W¡A¥H¤Ï¬M¥¦§Ön¦¨¬° ¤@Óµo¦æª©¥»¤F¡CÁ|Ó¨Ò¤l¡A¦pªGì¨Óªº¤À¤ä¥s 4.5-STABLE¡A¥¦ªº¦W¦r ·|Åܦ¨ 4.6-PRERELEASE ¥Hªí¥Üµ{¦¡½X¤wáµ²¡A¨Ã¥BÃB¥~ªºµo¦æ«e´ú¸Õ ±Nn¶}©l¤F¡C¯äÂΧ󥿤´¥i¦^³ø¡A¥H¦¨¬°µo¦æª©¥»ªº¤@³¡¥÷¡C·íµ{¦¡½X ¦³¤F¥i¦¨¬°µo¦æª©¥»ªºÂú§Î®É¡A¥¦ªº¦W¦r´N·|Åܦ¨ 4.6-RC¡A¥Hªí¥Üµo¦æ ª©¥»§Ö¦n¤F¡C¶i¤J RC ¶¥¬q«á¡A¥u¦³§ä¨ìªº³Ì¦³¼vÅTªº¯äÂΤ~·|³Q×¥¿¡C ·íµo¦æª©¥» (¥»¨Ò¤¤¬° 4.6-RELEASE) ²£¥Í«á¡Aµo¦æª©¥»·|¦³¦Û¤vªº¤À¤ä¡A ì¤À¤ä·|³Q§ó¦W¬° 4.6-STABLE¡C
·Qn±oª¾§ó¦h¦³Ãöª©¥»¸¹½X»P¦U CVS ¤À¤äªº¸ê°T¡A½Ð°Ñ¦Ò Release Engineering ¤@¤å¡C
²³æ¦a»¡¡G§Aªº securelevel ¥i¯à¤j©ó¹s¡Cª½±µ«·s¶}¾÷¨ì ³æ¤H¼Ò¦¡¡A¦A¦w¸Ë®Ö¤ß¡C
¸Ô²Ó¦a»¡¡GFreeBSD ¦b securelevel ¤j©ó¹s±¡ªp¤U¡A¤£¤¹³\ Åܧó¨t²ÎºX¼Ð (system flags)¡C§A¥i¥H¥Î³oÓ«ü¥OÀˬd§Aªº securelevel¡G
# sysctl kern.securelevel
§A¨S¦³¿ìªk°§C securelevel¡F§A¥²¶·±Ò°Ê¨t²Î¨ì³æ¤H¼Ò¦¡¥H ¦w¸Ë®Ö¤ß¡A©Î¬O×§ï /etc/rc.conf ¤ºªº securelevel ¦A«·s¶}¾÷¡C½Ð°Ñ¦Ò init(8) »¡©ú¤å¥ó¡A¥H¨ú±o §ó¦h¦³Ãö securelevel ªº¸ê°T¡AÁÙ¦³ /etc/defaults/rc.conf ©M rc.conf(5) »¡©ú¤å¥ó¡A¥H¨ú±o§ó¦h¦³Ãö rc.conf ªº¸ê°T¡C
²³æ¦aÁ¿¡G§A¨t²Îªº securelevel ¤]³\¤j©ó 1¡Cª½±µ«·s¶}¾÷¦Ü ³æ¤H¼Ò¦¡¡AµM«á¦A×§ï®É¶¡¡C
¸Ô²Ó¦a»¡¡G¦b securelevel ¤j©ó 1 ªº±¡ªp¤U¡AFreeBSD ¤£¤¹³\®É¶¡ Åܰʤj©ó¤@¬í¡C§A¥i¥H¥Î¥H¤Uªº©R¥O¨ÓÀˬd¥Ø«eªº securelevel¡G
# sysctl kern.securelevel
§AµLªk°§C securelevel¡F§A¥²¶·±Ò°Ê¹q¸£¦Ü³æ¤H¼Ò¦¡¤U¥H×§ï®É¶¡¡A ©Î¬O×§ï /etc/rc.conf ¦A«·s¶}¾÷¡C½Ð°Ñ¦Ò init(8) »¡©ú¤å¥ó¡A¥H¨ú±o§ó¦h¦³Ãö securelevel ªº¸ê°T¡AÁÙ¦³ /etc/defaults/rc.conf ©M rc.conf(5) »¡©ú¤å¥ó¡A¥H¨ú±o§ó¦h¦³Ãö rc.conf ªº¸ê°T¡C
¤£¡A¨º¤£¬O memory leak¡A¦Ó¥B¥¦¤]¤£¬O¯uªº¥Î¤F 256 Mbyte ªº°O¾ÐÅé¡C¥¦¥u¬O³ßÅw (·N«ä´N¬OÁ`·|³o¼Ë§@) ±N¤@ª¯²¼ªº°O¾ÐÅé ¬MÁ¨쥦¦Û¤vªº¦ì§}ªÅ¶¡¡A¥H¤è«K§@¨Æ¡C´N§Þ³N¦Ó¨¥¡A³o¼Ë¨Ã¨S¦³ ¤°»ò¤£¹ï¡F³o¼Ë¥u¬O·|Åý top(1) ©M ps(1) À~¤@¤j¸õ¦Ó¤w¡C
rpc.statd(8) ·|±N¥¦ªºª¬ºAÀÉ®× (¦ì©ó /var ) ¬M®g¦Ü¥¦ªº¦ì§}ªÅ¶¡¸Ì¡F¬°¤F¨¾¤î»Ýnªº®ÉÔ¦A¼W¤j©Ò ¾ÉPªº«·s¬M®g¡A¥¦¤@¦¸·|¨Ï¥Î¬Û·í¤jªº¤j¤p¡C±qµ{¦¡½X¨Ó¬Ýªº¸Ü´N §ó©úÅã¤F¡A¥i¥H¬Ý¨ì mmap(2) ªºªø«×°Ñ¼Æ¬° 0x10000000 ¡A¥¦¬O IA32 ¬[ºc¤Wªº¤Q¤»¤À¤§¤@ªº©w§}ªÅ¶¡¡A¤]´N¬O 256MB¡C
§A¥¿¦b¤@Ó´£°ª¤F securelevel (¤]´N¬O¤j©ó 0) ªº¨t²Î¹B§@¡C °§C securelevel ¦A¸Õ¸Õ¬Ý¡C½Ð°Ñ¦Ò FAQ ¤¤¹ï securelevel ªº»¡©ú ©M init(8) »¡©ú¤å¥ó¡C
¬°¤°»òªñ¨Ó·sª© FreeBSD .shosts »{ÃÒ¹w³] ¬°¨ú®øªºì¦]¡A¬O¦]¬° ssh(1) ¹w³]¤£¦w¸Ë¬° suid ¦¨ root¡Cn ¡§×¥¿¡¨ ³oÂI¡A§A¥i¥H§@¤U¦Cªº ¥ô¦ó¤@¥ó¨Æ¡G
n¤@³Ò¥Ã¶h¸Ñ¨M¡A½Ð±N /etc/make.conf ¸Ìªº ENABLE_SUID_SSH ³]¦¨ true ¡AµM«á¦A«·s build ssh (©Î¬O°õ¦æ make world)¡C
¥u§@¤@®Éªº×¥¿ªº¸Ü¡A¥i¥H root ¨¥÷ °õ¦æ chmod 4755 /usr/bin/ssh ±N /usr/bin/ssh ³]¦¨ 4555 ¡CµM«á±N ENABLE_SUID_SSH= true ¥[¤J /etc/make.conf ¸Ì¡A³o¼Ë¤U¦¸ make world °õ¦æ´N·|¥Í®Ä¤F¡C
¥»¤å¤Î¨ä¥L¤å¥ó¡A¥i¥Ñ¦¹¤U¸ü¡Gftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/doc/¡C
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