1.3 Ãö©ó FreeBSD ­p¹º

±µ¤U¨ÓÁ¿ªº¬O FreeBSD ­p¹ºªº­I´º¡A¥]§t¾ú¥v·½¬yªºÂ²¤¶¡B­p¹ºªº¥Ø¼Ð¡A¥H¤Î¶}µoªº¼Ò¦¡¡C

1.3.1 FreeBSD ¾ú¥v·½¬yªºÂ²¤¶

Contributed by Jordan Hubbard.

FreeBSD ­pµeªº·Qªk¬O¦b 1993 ¦~ªì©Ò§Î¦¨ªº¡A ¨º¬O·½¦Û©óºûÅ@¤@²Õ ¡y«D©x¤è 386BSD ªº patchkit(­×¥¿¤u¨ã)¡z­p¹ºªº¤T­Ó¨ó½ÕºûÅ@¤H Nate Williams¡ARod Grimes ©M§Ú(Jordan Hubbard)¡C

§Ú­Ì³Ìªìªº¥Ø¼Ð¬O°µ¥X¤@¥÷ 386BSD ºî¦X­×¥¿ªº snapshot ª©¡A¥H«K­×¥¿·í®É¤@°ï patchkit ³£¤£®e©ö¸Ñ¨Mªº°ÝÃD¡C¦³¨Ç¤H¥i¯àÁÙ°O±o¦­´Áªº­p¹º¦WºÙ¥s°µ ¡§386BSD 0.5¡¨ ©Î ¡§386BSD Interim¡¨ ´N¬O³o­Ó­ì¦]¡C

386BSD ¬O Bill Jolitz ªº§@·~¨t²Î¡A¦b·í®É´N¤w¦³¬ù¤@¦~ªº¤Àµõ°Q½×¡C ·í¸Ó­×¥¿¤u¨ã (patchkit) ¤éº¥ÃeÂø±o¥O¤H¤£µÎªA¡A§Ú­ÌµL²§Ä³¦a¦P·N­n§@¤@¨Ç¨Æ¤F¡A ¨Ã¨M©w´£¨Ñ¤@¥÷Á{®É©Êªº ¡§²b¤Æª©(cleanup)¡¨ ¨ÓÀ°§U Bill¡C µM¦Ó¡A¥Ñ©ó Bill Jolitz ©¿µM¨M©w¨ú®ø¨ä¹ï¸Ó­p¹ºªº»{¥i¡A¥B¨S¦³©ú½T«ü¥X¥¼¨Óªº¥´ºâ¡A ©Ò¥H¸Ó­p¹º«K¬ðµM­±Á{Â_ª¤¦M¾÷¡C

¤£¤[§Ú­Ì«K¨M©w¦b§Y¨Ï¨S¦³ Bill ªº¤ä«ù¤U¡AÅý¸Ó­p¹º¤´µMÄ~Äò¤U¥h¡A ³Ì«á§Ú­Ì±Ä¥Î David Greenman ¥á»ÉªO¨M©wªº¦W¦r¡A¤]´N¬O¡yFreeBSD¡z¡C ¦b¸ß°Ý¤F·í®Éªº¤@¨Ç¨Ï¥ÎªÌ·N¨£¤§«á¡A´N¶}©l¨M©w¤F³Ìªìªº¥Ø¼Ð¡A ·í¸Ó­p¹º¶}©l¹ê¬I¤@¤Á´N­n¦¨¯u®É¡A¤@¤Á´NÅܱo§ó²M·¡¤F¡C §Ú¸ò Walnut Creek CD-ROM °Q½×µo¦æ CD-ROM ³o¼Ë¤l¤£«K¤Wºôªº¤H´N¥i¥H¥Î¤ñ¸û²³æªº¤è¦¡¨ú±o FreeBSD¡C Walnut Creek CD-ROM ¤£¥uÃÙ¦¨¥H CD-ROM ¨Óµo¦æ FreeBSD ªº·Qªk¡A¦P®É´£¨Ñ¤F¤@¥x¾÷¾¹¥H¤Î§Ö³tªººô»Úºô¸ôªºÀW¼e¡C ¦pªG¤£¬O Walnut Creek CD-ROM ´X¥G¬OªÅ«eªº«H¥ô³o­Ó­è¶}©lÁÙ¬O§¹¥þÀqÀqµL»Dªº­p¹º¡A ¨º»ò«Ü¥i¯à FreeBSD ¤£·|¦p¦¹§Ö³tªº¦¨ªø¨ì¤µ¤é³o¼Ëªº³W¼Ò¡C

²Ä¤@±i¥H CD-ROM (¤Îºô¸ô)µo¦æªº FreeBSD 1.0 ¬O¦b 1993 ¦~¤Q¤G¤ë¡C ¸Óª©¥»¬O°ò©ó¥Ñ U.C. Berkeley ¥HºÏ±a¤è¦¡µo¦æªº 4.3BSD-Lite (¡§Net/2¡¨)¥H¤Î³\¦h¨Ó¦Û©ó 386BSD ©M¦Û¥Ñ³nÅé°òª÷·|ªº³nÅé¡C¹ï©ó²Ä¤@¦¸µo¦æ¦Ó¨¥Áٺ⦨¥\¡A §Ú­Ì¤S±µµÛ©ó 1994 ¦~ 5 ¤ëµo¦æ¤F¬Û·í¦¨¥\ªº FreeBSD 1.1¡C

µM¦Ó¦¹«á¤£¤[¡A¥t¤@­Ó·N¥~ªº­·¼É¦b Novell ©M U.C. Berkeley Ãö©ó Berkeley Net/2 ºÏ±a¤§ªk«ß¦a¦ìªº¶D³^½T©w¤§«á§Î¦¨¡C U.C. Berkeley ±µ¨ü¤j³¡¥÷ªº Net/2 ªºµ{¦¡½X³£¬O¡y«I¦û¨Óªº¡z¥B¬OÄÝ©ó Novell ªº°]²£ -- ¨Æ¹ê¤W¬O·í®É¤£¤[«e±q AT&T ¨ú±oªº¡C Berkeley ±o¨ìªº¬O Novell ¹ï©ó 4.4BSD-Lite ªº¡y¯¬ºÖ¡z¡A³Ì«á·í 4.4BSD-Lite ²×©óµo¦æ¤§«á¡A«K¤£¦A¬O«I¦û¦æ¬°¡C ¦Ó©Ò¦³²{¦³ Net/2 ¨Ï¥ÎªÌ³£³Q±j¯P«ØÄ³§ó´«·sª©¥»¡A³o¥]¬A¤F FreeBSD¡C ©ó¬O¡A§Ú­Ì³Q­n¨D©ó 1994 ¦~ 6 ¤ë©³«e°±¤î´²§G°ò©ó Net/2 ªº²£«~¡C¦b¦¹«e´£¤§¤U¡A¥»­p¹º³Q¤¹³\¦b´Á­­¥H«e§@³Ì«á¤@¦¸µo¦æ¡A¤]´N¬O FreeBSD 1.1.5.1¡C

FreeBSD «K¶}©l¤F³o©{¦p¡y­«·sµo©ú½ü¤l¡zªºÁ}¹d¤u§@ -- ±q¥þ·sªº¥B¤£§¹¾ãªº 4.4BSD-Lite ­«·s¾ã¦X¡C ³o­Ó ¡§Lite¡¨ ª©¥»¬O¤£§¹¾ãªº¡A¦]¬° Berkeley ªº CSRG ¤w¸g§R°£¤F¤j¶q¦b«Ø¥ß¤@­Ó¥i¥H¶}¾÷°õ¦æªº¨t²Î©Ò»Ý­nªºµ{¦¡½X (°ò©ó­Y¤zªk«ß¤Wªº­n¨D)¡A¥B¸Óª©¥»¦b Intel ¥­¥xªº²¾´Ó¬O«D±`¤£§¹¾ãªº¡C ª½¨ì 1994 ¦~ 11 ¤ë¥»­p¹º¤~§¹¦¨¤F³o­ÓÂಾ¡A ¦P®É¦b¸Ó¦~ 12 ¤ë©³¥H CD-ROM ¥H¤Îºô¸ôªº§Î¦¡µo¦æ¤F FreeBSD 2.0¡C ÁöµM¸Ó¥÷ª©¥»¦b·í®É¦³ÂI¥^«P²ÊÁW¡A¦ý¤´¬O´I¦³·N¸qªº¦¨¥\¡C ÀH¤§©ó 1995 ¦~ 6 ¤ë¤Sµo¦æ¤F§ó®e©ö¦w¸Ë¡A§ó¦nªº FreeBSD 2.0.5¡C

§Ú­Ì¦b 1996 ¦~ 8 ¤ëµo¦æ¤F FreeBSD 2.1.5¡A¦b ISP ©M°Ó·~¹ÎÅ餤«D±`¬y¦æ¡C ÀH«á¡A 2.1-STABLE ¤À¤äªº¥t¤@­Óª©¥»À³¹B¦Ó¥Í¡A¥¦´N¬O¦b 1997 ¦~ 2 ¤ëµo¦æ FreeBSD 2.1.7.1 ¡A¦P®É¤]¬O 2.1-STABLE ¤À¤äªº³Ì«áª©¡C¤§«á¦¹¤À¤ä«K¶i¤JºûÅ@ª¬ºA¡A ¶È¶È´£¨Ñ¦w¥þ©Êªº¥[±j©M¨ä¥LÄY­«¿ù»~­×¸ÉªººûÅ@(RELENG_2_1_0)¡C

1996 ¦~ 11 ¤ë FreeBSD 2.2 ±q¶}µo¥D¶b¤À¤ä (¡§-CURRENT¡¨) ¥X¨Ó¦¨¬° RELENG_2_2 ¤À¤ä¡C¥¦ªº²Ä¤@­Ó§¹¾ãª©(2.2.1)©ó 1997 ¦~ 4 ¤ëµo¦æ¡C 2.2 ¤À¤äªº©µÄòª©¥»¦b 97 ¦~®L¬î¤§¶¡µo¦æªº¡A¨ä³Ì«áª©¬O¦b 1998 ¦~ 11 ¤ëµo¦æªº 2.2.8 ª©¡C ²Ä¤@­Ó¥¿¦¡ªº 3.0 ª©¥»¦b 1998 ¦~ 10 ¤ëµo¦æ¡A¥ç§Y«Å§i 2.2 ¤À¤äªº¸¨¹õ¡C

1999/01/20 ¤é¦A«×¤À¤ä¡A³o²£¥Í¤F 4.0-CURRENT ¥H¤Î 3.X-STABLE ¨â­Ó¤À¤ä¡C 3.X-STABLE ¤è­±¡A3.1 µo¦æ©ó 1999/02/15¡A3.2 µo¦æ©ó1999/05/15¡A3.3 µo¦æ©ó 1999/09/16¡A 3.4 µo¦æ©ó 1999/12/20¡A3.5 µo¦æ©ó 2000/06/24 ¡A±µ¤U¨Ó´X¤Ñ«áµo§G¤F¤@¨Çªº­×¸ÉÀÉ(¹ï Kerberos ¦w¥þ©Ê¤è­±ªº­×¥¿)¡A´N¤É¯Å¦Ü 3.5.1 ¡A³o¬O 3.X ¤À¤ä³Ì«á¤@­Óµo¦æª©¥»¡C

¦b 2000/03/13 ¤S¦³¤F¤@­Ó·sªº¤À¤ä¡A ¤]´N¬O 4.X-STABLE ¡C³o­Ó¤À¤ä¤§«áµo§G¤F³\¦hªºµo¦æª©¥»¡J 4.0-RELEASE ¦b 2000 ¦~ 3 ¤ëµo¦æ¡A ¦Ó³Ì«áªº 4.11-RELEASE «h¦b 2005 ¦~ 1 ¤ëµo¦æ¡C4-STABLE ¤À¤äªº¤ä´©·|«ùÄò¨ì 2007/01/31 ¡A¦ý¥D­nµJÂI¦b©ó¦w¥þ¤è­±ªºº|¬}¡B¯äÂΤΨä¥LÄY­«°ÝÃDªº­×¸É¡C

´Á«Ý¤w¤[ªº 5.0-RELEASE ¦b 2003/01/19 ¥¿¦¡µo¦æ¡C³o¬O±Nªñ¶}µo¤T¦~ªºÅq®p¤§§@¡A¦P®É ¤]¶}©l¥[±j¦hÁûCPU(SMPng)ªº¤ä´©¡Bkernel thread(KSE) ªº¤ä´©¡BÀɮרt²Î±Ä¥Î UFS2 ¥H¤Î¤ä´© snapshot µ¥¡A ¨Ã¤ä´© UltraSPARC® ©M ia64 ¥­¥x¡B¤ä´©ÂŪޡB32 bit ªº PCMCIA µ¥¡C¤§«á©ó 2003 ¦~ 6 ¤ëµo¦æ¤F 5.1¡C ¦Ó -CURRENT ³o­Óµo®i¥D¶b¤À¤äªº³Ì«á 5.X ª©¥»¬O¦b 2004 ¦~ 2 ¤ë¥¿¦¡µo¦æªº 5.2.1-RELEASE¡A¦b 5.X ¨t¦C¶i¤J -STABLE (RELENG_5¤À¤ä)¤§«á¡A-CURRENT ´NÂಾ¬° 6.X ¨t¦C¡C

RELENG_5 ¤À¤ä©ó 2004 ¦~ 8 ¤ë¥¿¦¡¶}¶]¡A¤§«á¬O 5.3-RELEASE ¡A¥¦¬O 5-STABLE ¤À¤äªº²Ä¤@­Óµo¦æª©¥»¡C ³Ì«áªº 5.5-RELEASE ¬O¦b 2006 ¦~ 5 ¤ëµo¦æªº¡A¦b¦¹¤§«á RELENG_5 ¤À¤ä¤£¦AÄ~Äò¡C

RELENG_6 ¤À¤ä©ó 2005 ¦~ 7 ¤ë¶}¶]¡A¦Ó 6.X ¤À¤äªº²Ä¤@­Ó release(6.0-RELEASE) ¬O¦b 2005 ¦~ 11 ¤ë¥Xªº¡C ³Ì·sªº 8.2-RELEASE ¬O¦b February 2011 µo¦æ¡C ·íµMÅo¡ARELENG_6 ¤À¤äÁÙ±N¦³«áÄòªºµo¦æª©¡C

RELENG_7 ¤À¤ä©ó 2007 ¦~ 10 ¤ë¶}¶]¡A³Ì·sªº 9.0-RELEASE ¬O¦b January 2012 µo¦æ¡C RELENG_7 ¤À¤äÁÙ±N¦³«áÄòªºµo¦æª©¡C

¥Ø«e¡Aªø´Áªº¶}µo­pµeÄ~Äò¦b 8.X-CURRENT (trunk) ¤À¤ä¤¤¶i¦æ¡A¦Ó 8.X ªº CD-ROM (·íµM¡A¤]¥i¥H¥Îºô¸ô§ì) snapshot ª©¥»¥i¥H¦b FreeBSD snapshot server ¨ú±o¡C

1.3.2 FreeBSD ­p¹ºªº¥Ø¼Ð

Contributed by Jordan Hubbard.

FreeBSD ­p¹ºªº¥Ø¼Ð¦b©ó´£¨Ñ¥i§@¥ô·N¥Î³~ªº³nÅé¦Ó¤£ªþ±a¥ô¦ó­­¨î±ø¤å¡C §Ú­Ì¤§¤¤³\¦h¤H¹ïµ{¦¡½X (¥H¤Î­pµe¥»¨­) ³£¦³«D±`¤jªº§ë¤J¡A ¦]¦¹¡A·íµM¤£¤¶·N°¸º¸¦³¤@¨Ç¸êª÷¤Wªº¸ÉÀv¡A¦ý§Ú­Ì¨Ã¨S¥´ºâ°í¨M¦a­n¨D±o¨ì³oÃþ¸ê§U¡C §Ú­Ì»{¬°§Ú­Ìªº­º­n¡y¨Ï©R(mission)¡z¬O¬°¥ô¦ó¤H´£¨Ñµ{¦¡½X¡A ¤£ºÞ¥L­Ì¥´ºâ¥Î³o¨Çµ{¦¡½X°µ¤°»ò¡A ¦]¬°³o¼Ëµ{¦¡½X±N¯à°÷³Q§ó¼sªx¦a¨Ï¥Î¡A±q¦Óµo´§¨ä»ù­È¡C §Ú»{¬°³o¬O¦Û¥Ñ³nÅé³Ì°ò¥»ªº¡A¦P®É¤]¬O§Ú­Ì©Ò­Ò¾Éªº¤@­Ó¥Ø¼Ð¡C

§Ú­Ìµ{¦¡½X¾ð¤¤¡A¦³­Y¤z¬O¥H GNU GPL ©ÎªÌ LGPL µo§Gªº¨º¨Çµ{¦¡½X±a¦³¤Ö³\ªºªþ¥[­­¨î¡AÁÙ¦n¥u¬O±j¨î©Êªº­n¨D¶}©ñµ{¦¡½X¦Ó¤£¬O§Oªº¡C ¥Ñ©ó¨Ï¥Î GPL ªº³nÅé¦b°Ó·~¥Î³~¤W·|¼W¥[­Y¤z½ÆÂø©Ê¡A¦]¦¹¡A¦pªG¥i¥H¿ï¾Üªº¸Ü¡A §Ú­Ì·|¤ñ¸û³ßÅw¨Ï¥Î­­¨î¬Û¹ï§ó¼eÃPªº BSD ª©Åv¨Óµo§G³nÅé¡C

1.3.3 FreeBSD ªº¶}µo¼Ò¦¡

Contributed by Satoshi Asami.

FreeBSD ªº¶}µo¬O¤@­Ó«D±`¶}©ñ¥B¨ã¼u©Êªº¹Lµ{¡A´N¹³±q °^ÄmªÌ¦W³æ ©Ò¬Ý¨ìªº¡A¬O¥Ñ¥þ¥@¬É¦¨¤d¤W¸Uªº°^ÄmªÌµo®i°_¨Óªº¡C FreeBSD ªº¶}µo°ò¦¬[ºc¤¹³\¼Æ¥H¦Ê­pªº¶}µoªÌ³z¹Lºô»Úºô¸ô¨ó¦P¤u§@¡C §Ú­Ì¤]¸g±`Ãöª`µÛ¨º¨Ç¹ï§Ú­Ìªº­pµe·P¿³½ìªº·s¶}µoªÌ©M·sªº³Ð·N¡A ¨º¨Ç¦³¿³½ì§ó¶i¤@¨B°Ñ»P­p¹ºªº¤H¥u»Ý­n¦b FreeBSD technical discussions ¶l»¼½×¾Â ³sô§Ú­Ì¡C FreeBSD announcements ¶l»¼½×¾Â ¹ï¨º¨Ç§Æ±æ¤F¸Ñ§Ú­Ì¶i«×ªº¤H¤]¬O¬Û·í¦³¥Îªº¡C

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The SVN and CVS repository

¹L¥h¼Æ¦~¨Ó FreeBSD ªº¤¤¥¡ source tree ¤@ª½¬O¥H CVS (Concurrent Versions System) ¨ÓºûÅ@ªº¡A ¥¦¬O­Ó¦Û¥Ñ³nÅé¡A¥i¥Î¨Ó°µ¬°ª©¥»±±¨î¡A¤@¸Ë§¹ FreeBSD ¤º´N¦³ªþ¤F¡C µM¦Ó¦b 2008 ¦~ 6 ¤ë°_¡A FreeBSD ª©¥»±±¨î¨t²Î§ï¥Î SVN(Subversion)¡C ³o¤Á´«°Ê§@§Ú­Ì»{¬°¬O¦³¥²­n¡A¦]¬° CVS ¥ý¤Ñªº§Þ³N­­¨î¡A¾É­P source tree ¥H¤Î¾ú¥vª©¥»¼Æ¶q¤£Â_§Ö³tÂX±i¡C ¦]¦¹¡A¥D­nªº repository ¥Ø«e¬O±Ä¥Î SVN ¡A¦Ó client ºÝªº¤u¨ã¹³¬O CVSup¡B csup ³£¬O¥H¦¡ªº CVS ¬[ºc¬°°ò¦¡A¤´¥i¥HÄ~Äò¥¿±`¹B§@ ¡X¡X ¦¹¤D¦] SVN repository ¦³ backport ¦^ CVS ¤~¥i¥HÄ~ÄòÅý client ºÝ¬Û®e¡C ¥Ø«e¡A´N¥u¦³¤¤¥¡ source tree ¬O±Ä SVN ª©¥»±±¨î¤è¦¡¡C ¦Ó¤å¥ó¡Bºô­¶¡B Ports ³o¨Ç repository ¤´«ùÄò¨Ï¥Î CVS ª©¥»±±¨î¤è¦¡¡C ¦Ó¥D­nªº CVS repository ¬O¦ì©ó¬ü°ê¥[¦{ Santa Clara ªº¬Y¥x¾÷¾¹¤W¡A µM«á¦A mirror ¨ì¥@¬É¤W¨ä¥Lªº³\¦h¾÷¾¹¤W¡C SVN tree ¤º¦³¨â­Ó¥D¤À¤ä¡G -CURRENT ¥H¤Î -STABLE ¡A³o¨Ç³£¥i»´ÃP½Æ»s¨ì¦Û¤v¾÷¾¹¤W¡C ¸Ô±¡½Ð°Ñ¾\ §ó·s§Aªº source tree ¤@¸`¡C

The committers list

©Ò¿×ªº committers «üªº¬O¹ï CVS tree ¦³ write Åv­­¡A ¨Ã¨Ì¤£¦P±ÂÅv³¡¤À¡A¦Ó¦³¤£¦PÅv­­¥i­×§ï FreeBSD source¡C (¡§committer¡¨ ³oµü·½¦Û cvs(1) ¤¤ªº commit «ü¥O¡A¸Ó«ü¥O¬O¥Î¨Ó§â·sªº­×§ï´£¥æµ¹ CVS repository¡C) ¦Ó´£¥æ­×§ïµ¹ committer ­ÌÀˬdªº³Ì¦n¤è¦¡¡A´N¬O¥Î send-pr(1) «ü¥O¡C ­Y´£¥æ PR ªº¬yµ{¨t²Î¤W¦³¾Ã¶ë²{¶Hªº¸Ü¡A ¤]¥i¥H§ï¥Î±H«H¤è¦¡¡A±H«H¨ì FreeBSD committer's ¶l»¼½×¾Â §Y¥i¡C

The FreeBSD core team

¦pªG§â FreeBSD ¬Ý¦¨¬O¤@®a¤½¥qªº¸Ü¡A FreeBSD core team ´N¬Û·í©ó¡y¸³¨Æ·|(board of directors)¡z¡C core team ªº¥D­n¾³d¦b©ó½T«O¦¹­p¹º¦³¨}¦nªº¬[ºc¡A¥H´ÂµÛ¥¿½Tªº¤è¦Vµo®i¡C ¦¹¥~¡AÁܽмö¦å¥B­t³dªº³nÅé¶}µoªÌ¥[¤J committers ¦æ¦C¡A ¥H¦b­Y¤z¦¨­ûÂ÷¥h®É±o¥H¸É¥R·s¦å¡C ¥Ø«eªº core team ¬O¦b 2008 ¦~ 7 ¤ë committers ­Ô¿ï¤H¤¤¿ï¥X¨Óªº¡A¨C¨â¦~·|Á|¿ì¤@¦¸¿ïÁ|¡C

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Note: core team ¤j³¡¤À¦¨­û¥[¤J FreeBSD ¶}µo³£¬O§Ó¤u©Ê½è¦Ó¤w¡A ¨Ã¥¼±q¥»­p¹º¤¤Àò±o¥ô¦óÁ~¹S¡A©Ò¥H¤£¸Ó§â ¡§commitment¡¨ »~¸Ñ¬° ¡§guaranteed support¡¨ ¤~¹ï¡C ­è«e­±©ÒÁ¿ªº¡y¸³¨Æ·|¡z¥i¯à¬O¤£«ê·íªºÃþ±À¡A©Î³\§Ú­ÌÀ³¸Ó»¡¡G ¥L­Ì¬O¤@¸s¦ÛÄ@©ñ±ó­ì¥»ªºÀu´ì¥Í¬¡¡B­Ó¤H¨ä¥L»â°ì¦¨´N¡A ¦Ó¿ï¾Ü§ë¤J FreeBSD ¶}µoªº¼ö¦å¦³¬°ªÌ¤~¹ï¡I

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