Chapter 5 ±`¨£°ÝÃD¸Ñ¨M

William Liao
5.1. ¬°¤°»ò FreeBSD §ì¨ì¿ù»~ªº°O¾ÐÅé®e¶q¡H
5.2. µwºÐ¦³Ãa­y®É¸Ó«ç»ò¿ì?
5.3. ¬°¤°»ò FreeBSD §ì¤£¨ì HP Netserver ªº SCSI ±±¨î¥d¡H
5.4. ¤@ª½¬Ý¨ìÃþ¦ü ¡§ed1: timeout¡¨ ªº°T®§¡C¥¦­Ì¬O¤°»ò·N«ä©O¡H
5.5. 3Com® 3C509 ºô¸ô¥d²ö¦W¨ä§®½}¤u¡H
5.6. ¥­¦æ°ð¦Lªí³t«×¯}¤Ñ¯îªººC¡A¸Ó«ç»ò¿ì¡H
5.7. µ{¦¡¦³®É·|¦] ¡§Signal 11¡¨ ¿ù»~¦Ó°±¤î¡H
5.8. ·í¾÷®É¥X²{¡G¡§Fatal trap 12: page fault in kernel mode¡¨ ¡A©Î¬O ¡§panic:¡¨ ¥H¤Î¤@°ï¿ù»~°T®§¡A¸Ó«ç»ò¿ì¡H
5.9. ¬°¤°»ò·í§Ú¶}¾÷®É¡A¿Ã¹õÅܶ¡A¥B¤£°±°{°Ê¡H
5.10. ¬°¤°»ò§Úªº¨t²Î¸Ë¦³ 128 MB ªº RAM¡A¦Ó FreeBSD ¥u¥Î¤F¨ä¤¤ªº 64MB¡H
5.11. ¾÷¾¹¤Wªº RAM ¦³ 1GB ¥H¤W¡A¥i¬O¬°¦ó«o¦¬¨ì ¡§kmem_map too small¡¨ ªº panic ¿ù»~°T®§¡H
5.12. ¾÷¾¹¤W RAM ¤£¨ì 1GB ¡A¦ý¤´·|¥X²{ ¡§kmem_map too small!¡¨ ªº panic ¿ù»~°T®§
5.13. ¬°¤°»ò§Ú¤@ª½¬Ý¨ì ¡§/kernel: proc: table is full¡¨ ³o­Ó¿ù»~°T®§¡H
5.14. ¬°¤°»ò¥Î·s kernel ¶}¾÷®É¡A¥X²{ ¡§CMAP busy¡¨ ³o­Ó¿ù»~°T®§¡H
5.15. ½Ð°Ý³o­Ó°T®§¡G¡§ahc0: brkadrint, Illegal Host Access at seqaddr 0x0¡¨ ¬O¤°»ò·N«ä¡H
5.16. ¶}¾÷®É¡A¬Ý¨ì³o­Ó¿ù»~°T®§ ¡§ahc0: illegal cable configuration¡¨¡C §Úªº±Æ½u½T©w¦³±µ¹ï¡C ¬O¥X¤F¤°»ò°ÝÃD©O¡H
5.17. ¬°¤°»ò Sendmail ¤@ª½¥X²{ ¡§¡§mail loops back to myself¡¨¡¨ ³o­Ó¿ù»~°T®§¡H
5.18. ¬°¤°»ò°õ¦æ»·ºÝ¾÷¾¹¡]remote machine¡^ªº¥þ¿Ã¹õªº³nÅé®É¡A ¦³¤£¥¿±`ªº±¡§Î¡H
5.19. ¬°¤°»ò§Úªº¾÷¾¹¤@ª½Åã¥Ü ¡§calcru: negative time...¡¨¡H
5.20. ¥X²{ ¡§pcm0 not found¡¨ ³o­Ó°T®§¡A©ÎªÌ¬O §Úªº­µ®Ä¥dÅܦ¨¤F pcm1¡A¦ý¦b kernel ³]©w ÀÉý§Ú¬O³] device pcm0 °Ú¡C³o¬O«ç»ò¦^¨Æ©O¡H
5.21. ¬°¤°»ò¦b§ó·s¨ì FreeBSD 4.X «á·|§ì¤£¨ì§Úªº PnP ¥d ¡]©ÎªÌ¬O§ì¦¨ unknown¡^¡H
5.22. ¬°¤°»ò§Ú±`±`¦b¶]¤@¨Çµ{¦¡¡]¨Ò¦p top ©Î systat¡^ªº®É­Ô¥X²{ ¡§nlist failed¡¨ ³o­Ó¿ù»~°T®§¡H
5.23. ¬°¤°»ò§Ú¥Î ssh ©Î telnet ³s¨ì§Úªº¹q¸£®É¡A·|µ¥«Ý«Üªøªº¤@¬q®É¶¡¤~¯à³s¤W¡H
5.24. ¡§stray IRQ¡¨ ³o­Ó¿ù»~°T®§¬O¤°»ò·N«ä¡H
5.25. ¬°¤°»ò ¡§file: table is full¡¨ ³o­Ó°T®§ ¤@ª½¦b dmesg ý­«½Æ¥X²{¡H
5.26. ¬°¤°»ò§Úµ§°O«¬¹q¸£¤Wªº®ÉÄÁ¤@ª½Åã¥Ü¿ù»~ªº®É¶¡¡H
5.27. ¬°¤°»ò§Úªºµ§°O«¬¹q¸£µLªk¥¿½Tªº°»´ú¨ì PC card ¡H
5.28. ¬°¤°»ò¦b BIOS µe­±¤§«á¡AFreeBSD ªº boot loader Åã¥Ü ¡§Read error¡¨ µM«á´N°±¤î¤£°Ê¤F¡H
5.29. ¥t¤@­Ó§@·~¨t²ÎºR·´¤F§Úªº Boot Manager¡C§Ú­n«ç»ò¼Ë¤~¯à§â¥¦ÁÙ ­ì¦^¨Ó¡H
5.30. ³o­Ó¿ù»~°T®§¡G¡§swap_pager: indefinite wait buffer:¡¨ ¬O¤°»ò·N«ä©O¡H
5.31. ¬°¦ó¦b buildworld/installworld ®É¡A·|­w¦b ¡§touch: not found¡¨ ªº¿ù»~°T®§?

5.1. ¬°¤°»ò FreeBSD §ì¨ì¿ù»~ªº°O¾ÐÅé®e¶q¡H

§ì¨ì¿ù»~ªº°O¾ÐÅé®e¶q¬O¦]¬°ª«²z¦ì§}¸òµêÀÀ¦ì§}¨âªÌ¬O¤£¦Pªº¡C

The convention for most PC hardware is to use the memory area between 3.5G and 4G for a special purpose (usually for PCI). This address space is used to access PCI hardware. As a result real, physical memory can not appear in that address space.

What happens to the memory that should appear in that location is dependent on your hardware. Unfortunately, some hardware does nothing and the ability to use that last 500M of RAM is entirely lost.

Luckily, most hardware remaps the memory to a higher location so that it can still be used. However, this can cause some confusion if you watch the boot messages.

On a 32 bit version of FreeBSD, the memory appears lost, since it will be remapped above 4G, which a 32 bit kernel is unable to access. In this case, the solution is to build a PAE enabled kernel. See this FAQ entry for more information.

On a 64 bit version of FreeBSD, or when running a PAE-enabled kernel, FreeBSD will correctly detect and remap the memory so it is usable. During boot, however, it may seem as if FreeBSD is detecting more memory than the system really has. This is normal and the available memory will be corrected as the boot process completes.

5.2. µwºÐ¦³Ãa­y®É¸Ó«ç»ò¿ì?

­Y¬O SCSI µwºÐªº¸Ü¡A¨º»òºÏºÐ¾÷À³¸Ó¦³¯à¤O¦Û°Ê§@ re-mapping ªº°Ê§@¡CµM¦Ó¡A¦]¬°¤@¨Ç¥¼ª¾ªº¦]¯À¡A¦b¥X¼t®É¡A«Ü¦hµwºÐªº³o¶µ ¥\¯à¬OÃö³¬ªº...

­n±N¨ä­«·s¶}±Ò¡A±z»Ý­n½s¿è¸Ë¸mªº²Ä¤@­Ó page ¼Ò¦¡ ¡]first device page mode¡^¡A¦b FreeBSD ¤W¥i¥H¥Î¤U­±ªº«ü¥O¿ì¨ì ¡]¥H root¨­¤À°õ¦æ¡^

# scsi -f /dev/rsd0c -m 1 -e -P 3

µM«á±N AWRE ©M ARRE ªº¼Æ­È±q 0 Åܦ¨ 1:-

AWRE¡]Auto Write Reallocation Enbld¡^¡G 1
ARRE¡]Auto Read Reallocation Enbld¡^¡G 1

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­Y¬° IDE µwºÐ¡A¥ô¦óªºÃa­y³q±`³£¬O³Â·Ðªº¹w¥ü¡C¥Ø«e©Ò¦³¸û·sªº IDE µwºÐ¡A¤º³¡³£¦³¦Û°Ê remapping Ãa­yªº¯à¤O¡C¥Ø«e©Ò¦³ IDE µwºÐ »s³y°Ó¡A³£´£¨Ñ¤F§ó¤[ªº«OÃÒ¡A¦Ó¥B·|À°±z§ó´«¥X²{Ãa­yªºµwºÐ¡C

¦pªG±z¤´·Q­n­×´_²£¥ÍÃa­yªº IDE µwºÐ¡A±z¤´¥i¥H¸ÕµÛ¥h¤U¸ü IDE µwºÐ»s³y°Ó©Ò´£¨ÑªºÀË´úµ{¦¡¡A¨Ã¥Î¥¦¨ÓÀˬd±zªºµwºÐ¡C¦³®É³o¨Ç³nÅé¥i ¥H±j­¢­«·sÀˬdµwºÐªºÃa­y¡A¨Ã±N¥¦­Ì¼Ð¥Ü¥X¨Ó¡C

¹ï ESDI¡ARLL ¤Î MFM ªºµwºÐ¨Ó»¡¡A³q±`Ãa­y¬O¥¿±`²{¶H¡A¤]¤£¬O¤° »ò³Â·Ðªº«e¥ü¡C¦b PC ¤W¡AºÏºÐ±±¨î¥d©M BIOS ­t³d¼Ð¥ÜÃa­yªº¥ô°È¡C³o ¹ï¤@¨Ç¨Ï¥Î BIOS¨Ó¦s¨úºÏºÐªº§@·~Àô¹Ò¡]¦p DOS¡^¬O¨S¦³°ÝÃDªº¡CµM¦Ó¡A FreeBSD ªººÏºÐÅX°Êµ{¦¡¨Ã¤£¸g¹L BIOS ¨Ó¦s¨úºÏºÐ¡A©Ò¥H¡A¦³­Ó bad144 ªº¾÷¨î¥Î¨Ó¨ú¥N³o¶µ¥\¯à¡Cbad144 ¥u¯à¥Î¦b wd ³o­ÓºÏºÐÅX°Êµ{¦¡¤W¡]³o ­Ó¥Nªí¤F FreeBSD 4.0 ¨Ã¤£¤ä´©¥¦¡^¡A¥¦¤]µLªk¥Î¦b SCSI µwºÐ¤W¡C bad144ªº¤u§@¤èªk¬O±N©Ò¦³§ä¨ìªºÃa­y¸ê®Æ¦s¨ì¤@­Ó¯S§OªºÀÉ®×ý¡C

¨Ï¥Î bad144 ªºÄµ§i - ¦sµÛÃa­y¸ê®Æªº¯S§OÀɮ׬O©ñ¦bµwºÐªº³Ì«á ¤@­y¤W¡C¦]¬°³o­ÓÀÉ®×Àx¦sªºÃa­y¸ê®Æ¤¤¡A¦³¥i¯à¦³¨Ç¸ê®Æ¬O«ü¦VµwºÐ³Ì «eºÝ©Òµo¥ÍªºÃa­y±¡§Î¡A´N¬O¥i¯àÀx¦s /kernel ³o­ÓÀɪº¦a¤è¡A©Ò¥H¥¦ ¤@©w­n¯à³Q¶}¾÷µ{¦¡©ÒŪ¨ú¡A¦Ó¶}¾÷µ{¦¡¬O³z¹L BIOS ¨ÓŪ¨ú kernel ÀÉ¡C³oªí¥Ü¤F¨Ï¥Î bad144 ªºµwºÐµ´¤£¯à¾Ö¦³¶W¹L 1024 ­Ó cylinder¡A 16 ­Ó head ¤Î 63 ­Ó sector¡C¦Ó³o¨Ï±o±ý¨Ï¥Î bad144 ªºµwºÐªº¤j¤p¤£ ¯à¤j©ó 500 MB¡C

­n¨Ï¥Î bad144 «Ü²³æ¡A¥u­n¦b¶}©l¦w¸Ë®É¡A¦b FreeBSD fdisk µe­± §â¡§Bad Block¡¨ ±½ºË³]¬° ON §Y¥i¡C¦b FreeBSD 2.2.7 ¥H «á³£¥i¥H¨Ï¥Î¦¹¤èªk¡C¦ý³o­ÓµwºÐªº cylinder ¤@©w­n¦b 1024 ¥H¤U¡C¨Ï ¥Î«e¡A§Ú­Ì«ØÄ³³o­ÓµwºÐ­n¦Ü¤Ö¥ý¨Ï¥Î¥|­Ó¤p®É¡A¥H«K¼ö¿±µÈ»PºÏ­y°¾²¾ ¹F¤@¯ëª¬ºA¡C

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5.3. ¬°¤°»ò FreeBSD §ì¤£¨ì HP Netserver ªº SCSI ±±¨î¥d¡H

°ò¥»¤W³o­Ó¬O¤@­Ó¤wª¾ªº°ÝÃD¡C¦b HP Netserver ¾÷¾¹¤Wªº on-board EISA ¤¶­± SCSI ±±¨î¥d¥e¾Ú¤F©w§}¬°²Ä 11 ªº EISA ¼Ñ¡A¦]¦¹©Ò¦³ªº ¡§¯u¹ê¡¨ EISA ¼Ñ³£¦b¥¦¤§«e¡C¥i¬O¡A¦b EISA ©w§}ªÅ¶¡ >= 10 ®É¡A·|»P«ü©wµ¹ PCI ¥Îªº©w§}ªÅ¶¡¬Û½Ä¬ð¡A¥B FreeBSD ªº auto-configuration µLªk¥¿½Tªº³B²z³o­Ó±¡§Î¡C

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5.4. ¤@ª½¬Ý¨ìÃþ¦ü ¡§ed1: timeout¡¨ ªº°T®§¡C¥¦­Ì¬O¤°»ò·N«ä©O¡H

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5.5. 3Com® 3C509 ºô¸ô¥d²ö¦W¨ä§®½}¤u¡H

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5.6. ¥­¦æ°ð¦Lªí³t«×¯}¤Ñ¯îªººC¡A¸Ó«ç»ò¿ì¡H

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5.7. µ{¦¡¦³®É·|¦] ¡§Signal 11¡¨ ¿ù»~¦Ó°±¤î¡H

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    ¦pªG±zÁÙ¬O°í«ù­n¶WÀWªº¸Ü¡A½ÐÂÔ°O¡A»P¨ä¿NÃa¦Ó»Ý­n´«·sªº¤@¥x ¥D¾÷¡A¤£¦p±N³t«×½ÕºC¤@ÂI¡I°£¦¹¤§¥~¡A¤£ºÞ§Aı±o¥¦¦w¤£¦w¥þ¡A¤@¯ë ¤H¹ï©ó±z¦]¬°¶WÀW¦Óµo¥Íªº°ÝÃD¡A¬O¤£·|¦³¤°»ò¦P±¡¤ßªº¡C

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  4. ³Ì¨Î¤Æ¹LÀYªº¥D¾÷ªO³]©w¡G¦b BIOS ý©Î¬O¦³¨Ç¥D¾÷ªOªº jumper ¤W¡A¦³®É¥i¥H§ó§ï¤@¨Ç timing¡A¦ý¦b¤j¦h¼Æªº±¡§Îý¡A¨Ï¥Î¹w³]­È´N ¤w¸g¨¬°÷¤F¡Cªp¥B¦³®É­Ô§â RAM ªº wait states ³]¤Ó¤p¡A©Î¬O¦b BIOS ý¡A§â ¡§RAM Speed: Turbo¡¨ ³o­Ó©Î¬O¨ä¥LÃþ¦ü ªº¿ï¶µ¥´¶}³£¦³¥i¯à·|³y¦¨¤@¨Ç¤£¥¿±`ªº²{¶H¡C¤@­Ó¸Ñ¨Mªº¤èªk¬O§â BIOS ³]¦^¹w³]­È¡A¤£¹L¦b³o¤§«e°O±o¥ý°O¤U¥Ø«eªº³]©w¡I

  5. ¨Ñµ¹¥D¾÷ªOªº¹q¤O¤£°®²b©Î¬O¤£¨¬¡C¸ÕµÛ§â¨t²Î¤º¨S¦³¥Î¨ìªº I/O ¥d¡DµwºÐ©Î¬O CDROM ¼È®É©î±¼©Î¬O©Þ±¼¹q·½½u¡A¬Ý¬Ý§Aªº¹q·½ ¨ÑÀ³¾¹¬O¤£¬O¯à°÷¦b¤p¤@ÂIªº­t²ü¤U¥¿±`¤u§@¡C¤£µM´N¬O´«¤W¥t¤@ ­Ó·sªº¹q·½¨ÑÀ³¾¹¡A³Ì¦n¬O¥Ë¼Æ°ª¤@ÂIªº¡]¥´­Ó¤ñ¤è¨Ó»¡¡A¦pªG­ì ¥ýªº¹q·½¨ÑÀ³¾¹¬O 250 ¥Ëªº¡A¨º»ò´N´«¤W 300 ¥Ëªº¸Õ¸Õ¡^¡C

½Ð¶¶«K°Ñ¾\ SIG11 FAQ¡]³sµ²¦b¤U­±¡^¡AÁöµM¥¦¬O¯¸¦b Linux ªº¨¤ «×¼gªº¡A¥i¬O¸Ì­±¹ï³o¨Ç°ÝÃD¦³³\¦h«Ü´Îªº¸Ñ»¡¡C¥¦¸Ì­±¤]¦³°Q½×¬°¤°»ò ¦³°ÝÃDªº°O¾ÐÅé¯à³q¹L³nÅé©ÎµwÅ骺´ú¸Õªº­ì¦]¡C

³Ì«á¡A¦pªG¤W­±³o¨Ç­ì¦]³£±Æ°£¤F¡A¨º»ò¦³¥i¯à¬O¹J¨ì¤F FreeBSD ýªº¤@°¦¯äÂΡA½Ð°Ñ¾\«ü¥Ü°µ¤@­Ó°ÝÃD¦^³ø¡C

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5.8. ·í¾÷®É¥X²{¡G¡§Fatal trap 12: page fault in kernel mode¡¨ ¡A©Î¬O ¡§panic:¡¨ ¥H¤Î¤@°ï¿ù»~°T®§¡A¸Ó«ç»ò¿ì¡H

FreeBSD ªº¶}µoªÌ¹ï©ó³o¨Ç¿ù»~°T®§¬Û·íªº¦³¿³½ì¡A¦ý¬O¥L­Ì»Ý­n §ó¸Ô²Óªº¤@¨Ç²Ó¸`¡C½Ð§â±zªº·í¾÷ªº°T®§¥þ³¡½Æ»s¤U¨Ó¡A±µµÛ¬d¾\ FAQ ý kernel panics ³o¸`¡A¨Ì»¡©ú½sͤ@­Ó§t°£¿ù½Xªº kernel¡A¥H¨ú±o¨ç¦¡ ©I¥s¶¶§Ç¡]backtrace¡^¡C³o­ÓÅ¥°_¨Ó«ÜÃø¡A¦ý¹ê»Ú¤W¨Ã¤£»Ý­n¥ô¦óµ{¦¡ ³]­pªº¯à¤O¡A±z¥u»Ý­n¨Ì·Ó«ü¥Ü°µ§Y¥i¡C

5.9. ¬°¤°»ò·í§Ú¶}¾÷®É¡A¿Ã¹õÅܶ¡A¥B¤£°±°{°Ê¡H

³o­Ó°ÝÃD¡A¤wª¾¬O¥Ñ ATI Mach 64 Åã¥Ü¥d©Ò¤Þ°_ªº¡C¦]¬°³o¶ô¥d ¨Ï¥Î¨ì 2e8 ³o­Ó¦ì§}¡A¦Ó³o»P²Ä¥|­Ó§Ç¦C°ð ¡]serial port¡^©Ò¨Ï¥Îªº¦ì§}¬Û¦P¡C¦Ó¦b sio(4) ³o­ÓÅX°Ê µ{¦¡ý¡A¤£ª¾¹D¬O bug ©Î¬O¥\¯à¡]feature¡^¡A´Nºâ±z¨S¦³²Ä¥|­Ó§Ç ¦C°ð¡A©Î¬O¤w¸g±N sio3¡]²Ä¥|­Ó§Ç¦C°ð¡^¨ú®ø¤F¡A¥¦ ¨ÌµM·|¥h¹Á¸ÕÅX°Ê¥¦¡C

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  1. ¦b¬Ý¨ì¶}¾÷´£¥Ü®É¿é¤J -c ¡]³o·|Åý kernel ¶i¤J³]©w¼Ò¦¡¡^¡C

  2. ¨ú®ø sio0 ¡A sio1 ¡A sio2 ©M sio3¡]¥þ³¡¡^¡C ³o¥i¥HÅý sio ÅX°Êµ{¦¡¤£°Ê§@ -> ©ó¬O°ÝÃD¸Ñ¨M¡C

  3. ¿é¤J exit ¥HÄ~Äò±Ò°Êµ{§Ç¡C

¦pªG±z·Q­n¨Ï¥Î±zªº§Ç¦C°ð¡A±z»Ý­n­×§ï /usr/src/sys/i386/isa/sio.c¡A¦b¸ÓÀɤ¤§ä¥X 0x2e8 ³o­Ó¦r¦ê¡A²¾°£³o­Ó¦r¦ê¤Î¥¦«e­±ªº³r¸¹ ¡]«O¯d«á­±ªº¡^¡AµM«á­«·s½sͤ@­Ó·sªº kernel¡C

´Nºâ¨Ï¥Î¤F¤W­±³o¨Ç¤èªk¡AX Window ¤´µM¦³¥i¯àµLªk¶¶§Q°õ¦æ¡C ¦pªGµo¥Í¤F³oºØ±¡§Î¡A½Ð½T©w§A¥Îªº XFree86 ªºª©¥»¬O³Ì·sªº XFree86 3.3.3 ©Î¬O¨ä«áªºª©¥»¡C¥¦­Ì¦³¤º«Ø¤ä´© Mach 64 ³o±i¥d¡A¬Æ¦Ü¬°¤F³o ¨Ç¥dÁÙªþ¦³¤@­Ó¯S§Oªº X Server

5.10. ¬°¤°»ò§Úªº¨t²Î¸Ë¦³ 128 MB ªº RAM¡A¦Ó FreeBSD ¥u¥Î¤F¨ä¤¤ªº 64MB¡H

¦]¬° FreeBSD ¬O¨Ï¥Î©I¥s BIOS ¨Ó¨ú±o°O¾ÐÅé¤j¤pªº¤èªk¡A¦]¦¹¥¦ ¥u¯à°»´ú¨ì 16 bits ¦ì¤¸ªø«×ªº KByte ¤j¤p¡]65535 KBytes = 64MB¡^ ¡]©ÎªÌ§ó¤Ö..¡C¦³¨Ç BIOS ±N³Ì°ª°O¾ÐÅé¤j¤p­­¬°¥u¦³ 16MB¡^ ¦pªG±z¾Ö¦³ 64MB ¥H¤Wªº RAM¡AFreeBSD ·|¹Á¸Õ¥h°»´ú¥X¥¦¡A¦ý¬O¦³¥i¯à ·|¥¢±Ñ¡C

­n¸Ñ¨M³o­Ó°ÝÃD¡A±z»Ý­n¨Ï¥Î¤U­±©Ò´£ªº kernel ³]©w¿ï¶µ¡CÁöµM¦³ ¤èªk¥i¥H±q BIOS ¤¤¨ú±o°O¾ÐÅ骺§¹¾ã¸ê°T¡A¦ý¬O¥Ø«e§Ú­Ì¦b¶}¾÷°Ï¤¤¨Ã ¨S¦³¦h¾lªºªÅ¶¡¨Ó°µ³o¥ó¨Æ¡C·í¬Y¤Ñ¶}¾÷°ÏªÅ¶¡¤£¨¬ªº±¡§ÎÀò±o¸Ñ¨M®É¡A §Ú­Ì±N·|¨Ï¥Î BIOS ªº©µ¦ù¥\¯à¨Ó¨ú±o°O¾ÐÅ骺§¹¾ã¸ê°T...¦ý²{¦b§Ú­Ì ±N¥¦©ñ¦b kernel ³]©w¿ï¶µ¤¤¡C

options "MAXMEM=n"

n ¬O«ü±zªº°O¾ÐÅé¤j¤p¡A¥H KB ¬°³æ¦ì¡C¥H¤@¥x¦³ 128MB RAM ªº¾÷¾¹¨Ó»¡¡A±z¥i¨Ï¥Î 131072³o­Ó¼Æ¦r¡C

5.11. ¾÷¾¹¤Wªº RAM ¦³ 1GB ¥H¤W¡A¥i¬O¬°¦ó«o¦¬¨ì ¡§kmem_map too small¡¨ ªº panic ¿ù»~°T®§¡H

³q±` FreeBSD ·|¨Ì¾Ú¾÷¾¹ª¬ªp¨Ó¦Û°Ê½Õ¾ã kernel ¬ÛÃö°Ñ¼Æ³]©w¡A¤ñ¦p¡G ®Ú¾Ú¾÷¾¹©Ò¸Ëªº RAM ¤j¤p¨Ó¨M©w¦P®É¥i¶}±ÒªºÀɮ׼ƶq¦h¹è¡C µM¦Ó¡A¦b 1GB RAM(§t¥H¤W) ªº¾÷¾¹¤W¡A³o­Ó¡y¦Û°Ê½Õ¾ã¡zªº¾÷¨î¥i¯à¦³®É·|°ª¦ô¡G ¤ñ¤è»¡..¶}¾÷®É¡Akernel ·|¥ý°t¸m¦UºØ¤£¦P¥Î³~ªºªí®æ¤Î¨ä¥L¬[ºc©ñ¨ì°O¾ÐÅé¤W¡A µM«á¡A·í¾ã­Ó§@·~¨t²Î³£¶}©l¹B§@¤§«á¡Akernel ´N·|¶}©l¤£°÷ªÅ¶¡¨Ó°µ°O¾ÐÅé°t¸mªº°ÊºA½Õ¾ã¡A ©ó¬O´N panic ±¾¤F¡C

¸Ñªk¬O¡G§â VM_KMEM_SIZE_MAX ¥[¨ì kernel ³]©wÀɤº¡A ¨Ã­«·s½sĶ kernel¡A¤ñ¦p¡G

options VM_KMEM_SIZE_MAX=419430400

³o¼Ë·|³]©w 400 MB ¨Óµ¹ kernel ¨Ï¥Î¡A¦Ó¥B±Ä¥Î 400 MB ªº¸Ü¡A ¥Ø«e¦b 6GB RAM ªº¾÷¾¹¤W³£¥i³Q¦³®Ä¹B¥Î¡C

5.12. ¾÷¾¹¤W RAM ¤£¨ì 1GB ¡A¦ý¤´·|¥X²{ ¡§kmem_map too small!¡¨ ªº panic ¿ù»~°T®§

¤§©Ò¥H panic ªº­ì¦]¦b©ó¨t²Î¥Î¥ú¤Fµ¹ network buffer ¥Î³~ªº virtual memory (¤×¨ä¬O mbuf clusters)¡C¸Ñªk¬O¼W¥[µ¹ mbuf clusters ¥Îªº virtual memory ¼Æ¶q¡A³o¨BÆJ½Ð°Ñ¾\ FreeBSD ¨Ï¥Î¤â¥Uªº ºô¸ô­­¨î½g ¡C

5.13. ¬°¤°»ò§Ú¤@ª½¬Ý¨ì ¡§/kernel: proc: table is full¡¨ ³o­Ó¿ù»~°T®§¡H

FreeBSD kernel ¥u¤¹³\¤@©w¼Æ¶qªº process ¦b¦P¤@®É¶¡¸Ì¦P ®É¹B§@¡C¦Ó³o­Ó¼Æ¥Ø¬O®Ú¾Ú kernel ³]©wÀɸ̭±ªº MAXUSERS ­È¨Ó¨M©wªº¡CMAXUSERS ³o­Ó­È¤]·|¼vÅT¨ä¥Lªº kernel ¤º©w­È¡A¤ñ¦p»¡ network buffer (½Ð°Ñ¾\³o­Ó¤§«e°Q ½×¹Lªº°ÝÃD)¡C¦pªG¾÷¾¹­t²ü(load)«Ü­«¡A±z¥i¯à»Ý­n¼W¥[ MAXUSERS ³o­Ó­È¡C³o»ò§@·|¤@¨Ö´£°ª¨t²Îªº¨ä¥L¤º ©w­È¡A¥]¬A³Ì¤j¥i¾Ö¦³ªº process ¼Æµ¥¡C

­Y­n½Õ¾ã MAXUSERS¡A½Ð°Ñ¾\ FreeBSD ¨Ï¥Î¤â¥U¤¤ªº ÀÉ®×/Processªº­­¨î ³¹¸`¡C (ÁöµM¸Ó³B«üªº¬O¡yÀɮתº¶}±Ò¼Æ¶q­­¨î¡z¡A¦ý¤]¾A¥Î©ó process³¡¤À¡C)

¦b FreeBSD 4.4 ¤§«á¡AMAXUSERS ¤w¸gÅܦ¨¥i ¥H¾aµÛ§ó§ï /boot/loader.conf ýªº kern.maxusers ³o­Ó­È¦Ó½Õ¾ãªºÅܼƤF¡C¦Ó¦b¤§«e ªº FreeBSD ª©¥»¤¤¡A³o­Ó­È¥u¯à¦b kernel ³]©wÀÉý½Õ¾ã¡C

¦pªG¾÷¾¹­t²ü¨Ã¤£­«¡A¦Ó±z¥u¬O»Ý­n¦P®É¶]«Ü¦h«Ü¦h process¡A ¨º»ò¤]¥i¥Hª½±µ¥Î sysctl ½Õ¾ã kern.maxproc ­È¡C °²¦p³o¨Ç process ³£¬OÄÝ©ó¬Y­Ó¨Ï¥ÎªÌªº¡A¨º»ò±zÁٻݭn¥t ¥~½Õ¾ã kern.maxprocperuid ³o­Ó­È¡A¨Ï¥¦¤ñ·s ªº kern.maxproc ³o­Ó­È¤Ö 1 (¤@©w­n¤Ö 1 ¡A ¦]¬° init(8) ³o­Ó¨t²Îµ{¦¡µ´¹ï­n«O«ù¦b¹B§@ª¬ºA)¡C

¦pªG·Q¦b¨C¦¸¶}¾÷³£­n§ó§ï sysctl ªº­È¡A¦Ó¥B±zªº FreeBSD ¬O ³Ìªñªºª©¥»ªº¸Ü¡A½Ð¦b /etc/sysctl.conf ³o ­ÓÀɤ¤³]©w¡A¦Ó¦pªG¬Oªºª©¥»¡A¥i¥H¦b /etc/rc.local ¤¤§@³]©w¡C

5.14. ¬°¤°»ò¥Î·s kernel ¶}¾÷®É¡A¥X²{ ¡§CMAP busy¡¨ ³o­Ó¿ù»~°T®§¡H

¥Î¨Ó°»´ú /var/db/kvm_*.db ¹L®ÉÀɮתº¾÷¨î°¸º¸·|µo¥Í°ÝÃD¡A¦Ó¨Ï¥Î¨ì¤F¤@­Ó¤£¨ó½Õ (mismatch)ªºÀɮצ³®É´N·|¾É­P panic¡C

¦pªGµo¥Í¤F³o­Ó°ÝÃD¡A½Ð­«·s¶}¾÷¡A¶i¤J single ¨Ï¥ÎªÌ¼Ò¦¡¡AµM«á°õ¦æ¡G

# rm /var/db/kvm_*.db

5.15. ½Ð°Ý³o­Ó°T®§¡G¡§ahc0: brkadrint, Illegal Host Access at seqaddr 0x0¡¨ ¬O¤°»ò·N«ä¡H

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5.16. ¶}¾÷®É¡A¬Ý¨ì³o­Ó¿ù»~°T®§ ¡§ahc0: illegal cable configuration¡¨¡C §Úªº±Æ½u½T©w¦³±µ¹ï¡C ¬O¥X¤F¤°»ò°ÝÃD©O¡H

±zªº¥D¾÷ªO¥i¯à¤£¤ä´©¦Û°Ê²×ºÝ¹qªý³]©w¡C½Ð¶i¨ì SCSI ªº BIOS ¸Ì­±¤â°Ê«ü©w¥¿½Tªº²×ºÝ¹qªý¶¶§Ç¡A¦Ó¤£­n¨Ï¥Î¦Û°Ê³]©w¡C AIC7XXX ªºÅX°Êµ{¦¡¨ÃµLªkª¾¹D¦³¨S¦³³o¨Ç±Æ½u°»´ú(¥H¤Î¦Û°Ê²×ºÝ¹qªý³]©w)ªº¹q¸ô(external logic) ¦s¦b¡C¦pªG EEPROM ¸Ì­±ªº³]©w¬O "automatic termination" ®É¡A¥¦¥u·|³æ¯Â°²©w³o¨Ç¹q¸ô·íµM¬O¦s¦bªº¡C ­Y¯Ê¤Ö¤F³o­Ó¹q¸ô¡AÅX°Êµ{¦¡¦b³]©w²×ºÝ¹qªý®É´N±`±`¥X°ÝÃD¡C ¦Ó³oºØ°ÝÃD±N¾É­P SCSI ¶×¬y±Æªº¥i¾a©Ê­°§C¡C

5.17. ¬°¤°»ò Sendmail ¤@ª½¥X²{ ¡§¡§mail loops back to myself¡¨¡¨ ³o­Ó¿ù»~°T®§¡H

³o­Ó°ÝÃD¦b sendmail ªº FAQ ¤¤¬O³o¼Ë¦^µªªº:-

        * §Ú¤@ª½¦¬¨ì¦³Ãö "Local configuration error" ªº«H¥ó¡A¨Ò¦p¡G

        553 relay.domain.net config error: mail loops back to myself
        554 <user@domain.net>... Local configuration error

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5.18. ¬°¤°»ò°õ¦æ»·ºÝ¾÷¾¹¡]remote machine¡^ªº¥þ¿Ã¹õªº³nÅé®É¡A ¦³¤£¥¿±`ªº±¡§Î¡H

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­Y¬O FreeBSD 3.0 ©Î¬O 1998 ¦~ 11 ¤ë 29 ¤é¥H«á¨ä¥Lª©¥»¡A¸U¤@ ³o­Ó°ÝÃD¤@ª½µLªk¥H¨ä¥L¤èªk¸Ñ¨M¡A´N¥u¯à³]©w sysctl ÅܼơG

# sysctl -w kern.timecounter.method=1

³o¼Ë·|¹ï®Ä¯à¦³¨Ç¼vÅT¡A¦ý¬O­Y¦Ò¼{¨ì³o­Ó°ÝÃD±a¨Óªº«áªG¡A³o¼Ë°µ ¬O­È±oªº¡C¦pªG³o­Ó°ÝÃDÁÙ¬O¦s¦bªº¸Ü¡AÅý sysctl ¨º­Ó­È¨ÌµM³]¬° 1¡A µM«á¼W¥[ kernel ³]©wÀɤ¤ NTIMECOUNTER ³o­Ó¿ï ¶µªº¼Æ­È¡C¦pªG±z±N NTIMECOUNTER ¼W¥[¨ì 20 ¨Ì µMµLªk¸Ñ¨M³o­Ó°ÝÃD¡A¨º»ò±z¾÷¾¹¤Wªº¤¤Â_¤w¸g¦h¨ìµLªkÅý­p¼Æ¾¹ºû«ù¦b ¥i¾aªºª¬ºA¤F¡C

5.20. ¥X²{ ¡§pcm0 not found¡¨ ³o­Ó°T®§¡A©ÎªÌ¬O §Úªº­µ®Ä¥dÅܦ¨¤F pcm1¡A¦ý¦b kernel ³]©w ÀÉý§Ú¬O³] device pcm0 °Ú¡C³o¬O«ç»ò¦^¨Æ©O¡H

¦pªG±z¦b FreeBSD 3.x ¤W¨Ï¥Î PCI ­µ®Ä¥d´N·|µo¥Í³oºØ°ÝÃD¡C ¦]¬°pcm0 ³o­Ó device ¬O¤º©w«O¯dµ¹ ISA ªº­µ®Ä¥dªº¡A©Ò¥H¦pªG±z¦³¤@±i PCI ªº­µ®Ä¥d¡A±z´N·|¹J¨ì³o­Ó°ÝÃD¡A ¦Ó±zªº¥d·|Åܦ¨ pcm1¡C

Note: ¦pªG±z¥u§â kernel ³]©wÀɤ¤ªº³]©w§ï¦¨ device pcm1 ¬OµLªk°£¥h³o­Óĵ§i°T®§ªº¡A ³o¼Ë·|³y¦¨ pcm1 ³Q«O¯dµ¹ ISA ­µ®Ä¥d¡A ¦Ó PCI ­µ®Ä¥d«h·|Åܦ¨ pcm2 ¡]¥~¥[ ¡§pcm1 not found¡¨ ªºÄµ§i°T®§¡^¡C

¦pªG±z¦³¤@±i PCI ªº­µ®Ä¥d¡A±z»Ý­n make snd1 ³o­Ó device¡A¦Ó¤£¬O snd0¡G

# cd /dev
# ./MAKEDEV snd1

³o­Ó°ÝÃD¦b FreeBSD 4.x ¤W¨Ã¤£·|µo¥Í¡A¦]¬°«Ü¦h¤H§ë¤U¤F³\¦h¤ß ¤OÅý¥¦§óPnP ¾É¦V¡A¦Ó¥B pcm0 ³o­Ó device ¤]¤£¦A¬O¥u«O¯dµ¹ ISA ªº­µ®Ä¥d¤F¡C

5.21. ¬°¤°»ò¦b§ó·s¨ì FreeBSD 4.X «á·|§ì¤£¨ì§Úªº PnP ¥d ¡]©ÎªÌ¬O§ì¦¨ unknown¡^¡H

FreeBSD 4.X ²{¦b¤w¸g§ó PnP ¾É¦V¤F¡A ¦ÓÃä»Ú®ÄÀ³´N¬O·|µo¥Í¦³¨Ç¦b FreeBSD 3.X ¥i¥H¥Îªº PnP ¸Ë¸m ¡]¦p­µ®Ä¥d©Î¬O¤º´¡¦¡¼Æ¾Ú¾÷¡^Åܦ¨µLªk¨Ï¥Î¡C

³o­Ó­ì¦]¥i¥H¥Î¤@«Ê¥Ñ Peter Wemm µo¨ì freebsd-questions ³o­Ó mailing list ¤Wªº«H¨Ó¸ÑÄÀ¡A¥¦­ì¥»¬O¸ÑÄÀ¬°¤°»ò¦³¤@­Ó¤º ´¡¦¡¼Æ¾Ú¾÷¡A¦b¨t²Î¤É¯Å¨ì FreeBSD 4.x «á¡A´N¨Sªk³Q§ì¨ì¤F ¡]¦b [] ýªº¬O¥t¥~¥[ªºµù¸Ñ¡AÅý¤º®e§ó©öÀ´¡^¡C

The PNP bios preconfigured it [the modem] and left it laying around in port space¡Aso [in 3.x] the old-style ISA probes ¡§found¡¨ it there.

Under 4.0¡Athe ISA code is much more PnP-centric. It was possible [in 3.x] for an ISA probe to find a ¡§stray¡¨ device and then for the PNP device id to match and then fail due to resource conflicts. So¡Ait disables the programmable cards first so this double probing cannot happen. It also means that it needs to know the PnP id's for supported PnP hardware. Making this more user tweakable is on the TODO list.

¦pªG­nÅý¸Ë¸m¯à¦A«×¹B§@¡A§Ú­Ì»Ý­n§ä¥X¥¦ªº PnP id¡AµM«á¦A±N¥¦ ¥[¤J¤@¥÷¦b°»´ú ISA ¸Ë¸m®É·|¨Ï¥Îªºªí¤¤¡C¥i¥H°õ¦æ pnpinfo(8) ¨Ó°»´ú³o­Ó¸Ë¸m¡AÁ|¨Ò¨Ó»¡¡A¤U­±¬O pnpinfo(8) §ì¨ìªº¤@­Ó¤º´¡ ¦¡¼Æ¾Ú¾÷ªº¸ê®Æ¡G

# pnpinfo
Checking for Plug-n-Play devices...

Card assigned CSN #1
Vendor ID PMC2430 (0x3024a341)¡ASerial Number 0xffffffff
PnP Version 1.0¡AVendor Version 0
Device Description: Pace 56 Voice Internal Plug & Play Modem

Logical Device ID: PMC2430 0x3024a341 #0
        Device supports I/O Range Check
TAG Start DF
    I/O Range 0x3f8 .. 0x3f8¡Aalignment 0x8¡Alen 0x8
        [16-bit addr]
    IRQ: 4  - only one type (true/edge)

[more TAG lines elided]

TAG End DF
End Tag

Successfully got 31 resources¡A1 logical fdevs
-- card select # 0x0001

CSN PMC2430 (0x3024a341)¡ASerial Number 0xffffffff

Logical device #0
IO:  0x03e8 0x03e8 0x03e8 0x03e8 0x03e8 0x03e8 0x03e8 0x03e8
IRQ 5 0
DMA 4 0
IO range check 0x00 activate 0x01

±z©Ò»Ý­nªº¸ê°T¬O¤@¶}©l¬Ý¨ìªº ¡§Vendor ID¡¨ ³o¤@¦æ¡C¬A¸¹¤¤ªº¤Q¤»¦ì¤¸½X¡]³o­Ó¨Ò¤l¤¤¬O 0x3024a341¡^´N¬O PnP id¡A¦Ó¦b³o¤§«eªº¦r¦ê¡]PMC2430¡^«h¬O¤@­Ó¿W¤@µL¤Gªº ASCII id¡C ¦Ó³o¨Ç¸ê®Æ»Ý­n³Q¥[¨ì /usr/src/sys/isa/sio.c ³o­ÓÀÉ®×ý¡C

¬°¤F¨¾¤î¥ô¦óªF¦è¥X¿ù¡A±zÀ³¸Ó­n¥ý³Æ¥÷¥Ø«eªº sio.c¡C¦Ó¥B±z­n submit PR ®É¤]»Ý­n³o­Ó ­ì©lÀɮרӰµ¥X patch¡]±zÀ³¸Ó·|±N¥¦ submit PR §a..¡G¡^..¡^¡C ±µµÛ´N½s¿è sio.c §ä´M¤U­±³o¦æ

static struct isa_pnp_id sio_ids[] = {

±µµÛ©¹¤U±²°Ê¡A§ä­Ó¥¿½Tªº¦ì¸m¨Ó´¡¤J±zªº¸Ë¸m¸ê°T¡C±z¬Ý¨ìªº´N ¤U­±³o­Ó¼Ë¤l¡A¥¦­Ì¬O·Ó¥kÃäµù¸Ñ¸Ì­±ªº ASCII ³o­Ó Vender ID °µ±Æ §Çªº¡A©Î¬O pnpinfo(8) ©Ò§ä¨ìªº¤@³¡¤À ¸Ë¸m´y­z¡G

{0x0f804f3f¡ANULL}¡A    /* OZO800f - Zoom 2812 (56k Modem) */
{0x39804f3f¡ANULL}¡A    /* OZO8039 - Zoom 56k flex */
{0x3024a341¡ANULL}¡A    /* PMC2430 - Pace 56 Voice Internal Modem */
{0x1000eb49¡ANULL}¡A    /* ROK0010 - Rockwell ? */
{0x5002734a¡ANULL}¡A    /* RSS0250 - 5614Jx3(G) Internal Modem */

§â±z³o­Ó¸Ë¸mªº¤Q¤»¶i¦ìªº Vender ID ¥[¨ì¥¿½Tªº¦a¤è¡A¦sÀÉ¡A µM«á­«·s½s¤@­Ó kernel¡A¦A­«¶}¾÷¡C¤§«á³o­Ó¸Ë¸mÀ³¸Ó´N·|¹³¦b FreeBSD 3.X ¤U¡A³Q°»´ú¬° sio ¸Ë¸m¤F¡C

5.22. ¬°¤°»ò§Ú±`±`¦b¶]¤@¨Çµ{¦¡¡]¨Ò¦p top ©Î systat¡^ªº®É­Ô¥X²{ ¡§nlist failed¡¨ ³o­Ó¿ù»~°T®§¡H

³o­Ó°ÝÃD¬O¦]¬°±z¶]ªºµ{¦¡»Ý­n¤@­Ó¯S§Oªº kernel symbol¡A¥i¬O ¤£ª¾¹D¤°»ò­ì¦]¦Ó§ä¤£¨ì¡Q¦Ó·|µo¥Í³o­Ó°ÝÃD¥i¯à¬O¦]¬°¤U­±¨â­Ó­ì¦]¡G

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5.23. ¬°¤°»ò§Ú¥Î ssh ©Î telnet ³s¨ì§Úªº¹q¸£®É¡A·|µ¥«Ý«Üªøªº¤@¬q®É¶¡¤~¯à³s¤W¡H

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°ÝÃD©Ò¦b¡G³oºØ©µ¿ð±¡§Î±`±`¬O¦]¬°¦øªA³nÅé¡]server software¡^ ¹Á¸Õ­n±N«È¤áºÝ¡]client¡^ªº IP ¦ì§}Âà´«¦¨¥D¾÷¦WºÙ¡C¦]¬°«Ü¦h¦øªA ³nÅé¡A¥]¬A FreeBSD ¤º«Øªº Telnet ©M SSH¡A¬°¤F±N¥D¾÷¦WºÙ¼g¤J¬ö ¿ýÀɤ¤¥H¨ÑºÞ²zªÌ§@°Ñ¦Ò¡A¦Ó·|°µ³o¶µ°Ê§@¡C

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5.24. ¡§stray IRQ¡¨ ³o­Ó¿ù»~°T®§¬O¤°»ò·N«ä¡H

Stray IRQs ¬OµwÅé IRQ ¦³ÂI¤p°ÝÃDªº²{¶H¡A¤j¦h¬O¦]¬°µwÅ饻¨­ ¦bµo¥X¤¤Â_»Ý¨D«á¡A¤S¨ú®ø¤F¥¦¦Û¤vªº¤¤Â_­n¨D¡C

¦³¤T­Ó¤èªk¥i¥HÀ³¥I³o­Ó°ÝÃD¡G

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  • §â isa_strayintr() ýªº­È¡A¥Ñ 5 §ï¦¨ 0¡A³o¼Ë©Ò¦³ªºÄµ§i°T®§³£¤£·|¥X²{¡C

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5.25. ¬°¤°»ò ¡§file: table is full¡¨ ³o­Ó°T®§ ¤@ª½¦b dmesg ý­«½Æ¥X²{¡H

³o­Ó¿ù»~°T®§¥Nªí¤F±z¨t²Îªº file descriptors ¤w¸g¨Ï¥Î¥ú¤F¡C ½Ð°Ñ¾\¤â¥U¤º Tuning Kernel Limits ¸Ì­±ªº kern.maxfiles ³o­Ó³¹¸`¡A¸Ì­±¦³¤@¨Ç°Q½×¤Î¸Ñ¨M¤èªk¡C

5.26. ¬°¤°»ò§Úµ§°O«¬¹q¸£¤Wªº®ÉÄÁ¤@ª½Åã¥Ü¿ù»~ªº®É¶¡¡H

±zªºµ§°O«¬¹q¸£¸Ì¦³¨â­Ó¥H¤Wªº®ÉÄÁ¡A¦Ó FreeBSD ¿ï¨ì¤F¿ùªº ¨º­Ó¡C

°õ¦æ dmesg(8)¡AÀˬd¤@¤U¦³ Timecounter ¦r¦êªº¨º´X¦æ¡C³Ì«á¤@¦æ¬O FreeBSD ¿ï¥Îªº¡A³q±`¬O TSC¡C

# dmesg | grep Timecounter
Timecounter "i8254"  frequency 1193182 Hz
Timecounter "TSC"  frequency 595573479 Hz

±z¥i¥H°õ¦æ sysctl(3) ¬Ý¤@¤U kern.timecounter.hardware ³o­Ó­È°µ½T»{¡C

# sysctl kern.timecounter.hardware
kern.timecounter.hardware: TSC

BIOS ¥i¯à¦b¤@¨Ç±¡§Î¤U·|§ó§ï TSC ªº®É¯ß¡X¡X¦³®É­Ô¬O¦]¬° ¦b¨Ï¥Î¹q¦À¤u§@®É·|§ó§ï³B²z¾¹ªº³t«×¡A¥t¥~¤]¦³¥i¯à¬O¶i¤J¤F¬Ù¹q¼Ò ¦¡¡A¥i¬O FreeBSD ¨Ã¤£·|¹îı¨ì³o¨Ç½Õ¾ã¡A¦Ó·|µo¥Í®É¶¡¼W¥[©Î¬O´î ¤Öªº±¡§Î¡C

¦b¤W­±ªº¨Ò¤l·í¤¤¡A§Ú­Ì¬Ý¨ìÁÙ¦³ i8254 ³o­Ó®ÉÄÁ¥i¥H¿ï¾Ü¡A°õ¦æ sysctl(3) ¥Î¤â°Êªº¤è¦¡±N³o­Ó­È¼g¤J kern.timecounter.hardware ¤¤¡C

# sysctl -w kern.timecounter.hardware=i8254
kern.timecounter.hardware: TSC -> i8254

³o¼Ë±zªºµ§°O«¬¹q¸£À³¸Ó´N¥i¥H«O«ù¥¿½Tªº®É¶¡¤F¡C

¦pªG­nÅý³o­Ó§ó§ïªº°Ê§@¦A¨C¦¸¶}¾÷®É¦Û°Ê°õ¦æ¡A¦b /etc/sysctl.conf ý¥[¤J¤U­±³o¦æ¡C

kern.timecounter.hardware=i8254

5.27. ¬°¤°»ò§Úªºµ§°O«¬¹q¸£µLªk¥¿½Tªº°»´ú¨ì PC card ¡H

³o­Ó°ÝÃD±`±`µo¥Í¦bÄé¤F¦h­Ó§@·~¨t²Îªºµ§°O«¬¹q¸£¤W¡C¦³¨Ç«D BSD ªº§@·~¨t²Î·|Åý PC card ªºµwÅé¸Ë¸m³B¦b¤@­Ó¤£¤@­Pªºª¬ºA¤U ¡]inconsistent state¡^¡C¨Ï±o pccardd ¦b°» ´ú³o¤ù¥d®É¡AµLªk§ì¨ì¥¿½Tªº«¬¸¹¡A¦Ó¬O ¡§"(null)""(null)"¡¨¡C

±z»Ý­n²¾°£ PC card ´¡¼Ñªº¹q·½¥H­«¸m³o­ÓµwÅé¸Ë¸m¡C¤@­Ó¤èªk¬O ±N±zªºµ§°O«¬¹q¸£Ãö¾÷¡]¤£¬O¥ð¯v¼Ò¦¡¡A¤]¤£¬O«Ý©R¼Ò¦¡¡Q­n§¹¥þªºÃö ¾÷¡^¡Cµ¥­Ó´X¬íÄÁ¦A­«¶}¾÷¡C³o¼Ë±zªº PC card À³¸Ó´N¥¿±`¤F¡C

¦³®É¦³¨Çµ§°O«¬¹q¸£ÁöµM¬Ý°_¨Ó¤w¸gÃö¾÷¤F¡A¦ý¹ê»Ú¤W¨Ã¨S¦³¡C ¦pªG±zµo²{¤W­±¨º­Ó¤èªk¨S¦³¥Î¡A½ÐÃö¾÷¡A²¾°£¹q¦À¡Aµ¥­Ó´X¬íÄÁ¡A §â¹q¦À¸Ë¤W¥hµM«á­«¶}¾÷¡C

5.28. ¬°¤°»ò¦b BIOS µe­±¤§«á¡AFreeBSD ªº boot loader Åã¥Ü ¡§Read error¡¨ µM«á´N°±¤î¤£°Ê¤F¡H

³o¬O¦]¬°FreeBSD ªº boot loader µLªk¥¿½Tªº§ä¥XµwºÐªº geometry¡C³o¼Ëªº¸Ü¡A´N»Ý­n¦b¥Î fdisk ¤À³Î©Î¬O­×§ï FreeBSD ªº slice ®É¡A¤â°Ê±N¥¿½Tªº­È¿é¤J¶i¥h¤F¡C

¥¿½TªºµwºÐ geometry ­È¦b BIOS ¸Ì­±¥i¥H¬dªº¨ì¡Cª`·N¸ÓµwºÐªº cylinders¡Aheads ¥H¤Î sectors ³o¨Ç¼Æ­È¡C

¦b°õ¦æ sysinstall(8)ªº fdisk ®É¡A«ö¤U G ¥H«K¤â°Ê³]©wµwºÐªº geometry¡C

³o®É·|¦³¤@­Ó¹ï¸Ü®Ø¸õ¥X¨Ó¡A¸ß°Ý±z¦³Ãö cylinders¡Aheads ¥H¤Î sectors ³o¨ÇªF¦èªº­È¡C½Ð±N­è­è¦b BIOS ¬d¨ìªº¼Æ¦r¡A¥H / §@¤À¹j¿é ¤J¶i¥h¡C

Á|¨Ò¨Ó»¡¡A¦pªG¬O 5000 cylinders¡A250 sectors ©M 60 sectors ´N¿é¤J 5000/250/60

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5.29. ¥t¤@­Ó§@·~¨t²ÎºR·´¤F§Úªº Boot Manager¡C§Ú­n«ç»ò¼Ë¤~¯à§â¥¦ÁÙ ­ì¦^¨Ó¡H

°õ¦æ sysinstall(8) ±µµÛ¿ï Configure¡AµM«á¿ï Fdisk¡C ¦A¨Ó¥ÎªÅ¥ÕÁä¿ï¾Ü­ì¥ý Boot Manager ©Ò¦bªºµwºÐ¡C «ö¤U W Áä¨Ó§@¼g¤Jªº°Ê§@¡C³o®É·|¸õ¥X¤@­Ó´£¥Ü °T®§¡A¸ß°Ý±z­n¦w¸Ë­þ¤@­Ó boot loader¡C½Ð¿ï¾Ü Boot Manager¡A ³o¼Ë´N¥i¥H±N¥¦ÁÙ­ì¤F¡C

5.30. ³o­Ó¿ù»~°T®§¡G¡§swap_pager: indefinite wait buffer:¡¨ ¬O¤°»ò·N«ä©O¡H

³o­Ó°T®§¬O»¡¦³¤@­Ó°õ¦æµ{§Ç¥¿¦b¹Á¸Õ±N¤À­¶°O¾ÐÅé¡]page memory¡^ ¼g¤JµwºÐ¤¤¡A¦Ó³o­Ó°Ê§@¹Á¸Õ¤F 20 ¬íÄÁ¤´µMµLªk¦¨¥\¡C³o­Ó¦³¥i¯à¬O¦]¬° µwºÐ¦³Ãa­y¡B¹q¸ô©Î±Æ½u¦³°ÝÃD¡B¥H¤Î¨ä¥L¸òµwºÐŪ¥X¼g¤J¦³ÃöªºµwÅé³]³Æ¡C ¦pªG¯uªº¬OµwºÐÃa­yªº°ÝÃD¡A±zÀ³¸Ó·|¦b /var/log/messages³o­ÓÀɮפ¤¡A©Î¬O¦b°õ¦æ dmesg³o­Ó«ü¥O«á¡A¬Ý¨ì¦³ÃöºÏºÐ¿ù»~ªº°T®§¡C ¦pªG¨S¦³¡A¨º»ò½ÐÀˬd±zªº±Æ½uÁÙ¦³±µÀY³s±µ¬O§_¨}¦n¡C

5.31. ¬°¦ó¦b buildworld/installworld ®É¡A·|­w¦b ¡§touch: not found¡¨ ªº¿ù»~°T®§?

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