18.3 Ìí¼Ó´ÅÅÌ

Originally contributed by David O'Brien.

¡¡¡¡ÏÂÃæÕâ½Ú½«»á½éÉÜÈçºÎÔÚһֻ̨ÓÐÒ»¿é´ÅÅ̵ĻúÆ÷ÉÏÐÂÔöÒ»¿é SCSI ´ÅÅÌ¡£ Ê×ÏÈ ÐèÒª¹Øµô¼ÆËã»ú£¬È»ºó°´²Ù×÷¹æ³ÌÀ´°²×°Çý¶¯Æ÷£¬¿ØÖÆÆ÷ºÍÇý¶¯³ÌÐò¡£ÓÉÓÚ ¸÷³§¼ÒÉú²úµÄ²úÆ·¸÷²»Ïàͬ£¬¾ßÌåµÄ°²×°Ï¸½Ú²»ÔÚ´ËÎĵµ½éÉÜÖ®ÄÚ¡£

¡¡¡¡ÒÔ root Óû§µÇ¼¡£°²×°ÍêÇý¶¯ºó£¬¼ì²éһϠ/var/run/dmesg.boot ÓÐûÓÐÕÒµ½ÐµĴÅÅÌ¡£ÔÚÎÒÃÇ µÄÀý×ÓÖÐÐÂÔö¼ÓµÄ´ÅÅ̾ÍÊÇ da1£¬ÎÒÃÇ´Ó /1 ¹ÒÉÏËü¡£ (Èç¹ûÄúÕýÌí¼Ó IDE Çý¶¯Æ÷£¬ ÔòÉ豸ÃûÓ¦¸ÃÊÇ ad1)¡£

¡¡¡¡ÒòΪ FreeBSD ÔËÐÐÔÚ IBM-PC ¼æÈÝ»úÉÏ£¬Ëü±ØÐë×ñÑ­ PC BIOS ·ÖÇø¹æ·¶¡£ ÕâÓ봫ͳµÄ BSD ·ÖÇøÊDz»Í¬µÄ¡£Ò»¸ö PC µÄ´ÅÅÌ×î¸ßÖ»ÄÜÓÐËĸö BIOS Ö÷·ÖÇø¡£Èç¹û´ÅÅÌÖ»°²×° FreeBSD Äú¿ÉÒÔʹÓà dedicated ģʽ¡£ÁíÍ⣬ FreeBSD ±ØÐë°²×°ÔÚ PC BIOS Ö§³ÖµÄ·ÖÇøÄÚ¡£FreeBSD °Ñ·ÖÇø½Ð×÷ slices Õâ¿ÉÄÜ»á°ÑÈ˸ãºýÍ¿¡£ÄúÒ²¿ÉÒÔÔÚÖ»°²×° FreeBSD µÄ´ÅÅÌÉÏʹÓà slices£¬Ò²¿ÉÒÔÔÚ°²×°ÓÐÆäËü²Ù×÷ϵͳµÄ´ÅÅÌÉÏʹÓà slices¡£Õâ²»»áÓ°ÏìÆäËü²Ù×÷ϵͳµÄ fdisk ·ÖÇø¹¤¾ß¡£

¡¡¡¡ÔÚ slice ·½Ê½±íʾÏ£¬Çý¶¯Æ÷±»Ìí¼Óµ½ /dev/da1s1e¡£ ¿ÉÒÔ¶Á×÷£ºSCSI ´ÅÅÌ£¬±àºÅΪ 1 (µÚ¶þ¸öSCSI ´ÅÅÌ)£¬ slice 1 (PC BIOS ·ÖÇø 1)£¬ µÄ BSD ·ÖÇø e ¡£ÔÚÓÐЩÀý×ÓÖУ¬Ò²¿ÉÒÔ¼ò»¯Îª /dev/da1e¡£

¡¡¡¡ÓÉÓÚ bsdlabel(8) ʹÓà 32-λ µÄÕûÊýÀ´±íʾÉÈÇøºÅ£¬ Òò´ËÔÚ¶àÊýÇé¿öÏÂËüµÄ±íÏÖÁ¦ÏÞÓÚÿ¸ö´ÅÅÌ 2^32-1 ¸öÉÈÇø»ò 2TB¡£ fdisk(8) ¸ñʽÔÊÐíµÄÆðʼÉÈÇøºÅ²»ÄܸßÓÚ 2^32-1 ¶ø·ÖÇø³¤¶ÈÒ²²»ÄÜ´óÓÚ 2^32-1£¬ ͨ³£Çé¿öÏÂÕâÏÞÖÆÁË·ÖÇø´óС×î´óΪ 2TB ¶ø´ÅÅÌ´óСÔòÊÇ 4TB¡£ sunlabel(8) ¸ñʽµÄÏÞÖÆÊÇÿ¸ö·ÖÇø 2^32-1 ¸öÉÈÇø£¬ µ«ÔÊÐí 8 ¸ö·ÖÇøÒò´Ë×î´óÖ§³Ö 16TB µÄ´ÅÅÌ¡£ ҪʹÓøü´óµÄ·ÖÇø£¬ ÔòӦʹÓà gpt(8)¡£

18.3.1 ʹÓà sysinstall(8)

  1. ʹÓà Sysinstall

    Äú¿ÉÒÔʹÓà sysinstall ÃüÁîµÄ²Ëµ¥À´·ÖÇøºÍ±ê¼ÇÒ»¸öеĴÅÅÌ¡£ ÕâÒ»²Ù×÷ÐèÒªÓÐ root ȨÏÞ£¬ Äú¿ÉÒÔÖ±½ÓʹÓà root ÕË»§µÇ¼»òÕßʹÓà su ÃüÁîÀ´Çл»µ½ root Óû§¡£ÔËÐÐ sysinstall £¬È»ºóÑ¡Ôñ Configure ²Ëµ¥¡£ÔÚ FreeBSD Configuration Menu Ï£¬ÉÏϹö¶¯£¬ Ñ¡Ôñ Fdisk ÌõÄ¿¡£

  2. fdisk ·ÖÇø±à¼­Æ÷

    ½øÈë fdisk ·ÖÇø±à¼­Æ÷ºó£¬Ñ¡Ôñ A £¬FreeBSD ½«Ê¹ÓÃÈ«²¿µÄ´ÅÅÌ¡£µ±±»¸æÖª ¡°remain cooperative with any future possible operating systems¡±Ê±£¬»Ø´ð YES¡£Ê¹Óà W ±£´æ¸Õ²ÅµÄÐ޸ġ£ÏÖÔÚʹÓà Q Í˳ö FDISK ±à¼­Æ÷¡£ÏÂÃæ»á¿´µ½ÓÐ¹Ø ¡°Ö÷Òýµ¼Çø¡± µÄÐÅÏ¢¡£ ÏÖÔÚÄúÒѾ­ÔÚÔËÐеÄϵͳÉÏÌí¼ÓÁËÒ»¸ö´ÅÅÌ£¬ Òò´ËÓ¦¸ÃÑ¡Ôñ None¡£

  3. Disk Label ±à¼­Æ÷

    ½ÓÏÂÀ´£¬ÄúÓ¦¸ÃÍ˳ö sysinstall ²¢ÇÒÔÙ´ÎÆô¶¯Ëü£¬²¢°´ÕÕÉÏÃæµÄ²½ÖèÖ±½Ó½øÈë Label Ñ¡Ïî¡£½øÈë ´ÅÅ̱êÇ©±à¼­Æ÷¡£ Õâ¾ÍÊÇÄúÒª´´½¨µÄ BSD ·ÖÇø¡£Ò»¸ö´ÅÅÌ×î¶à¿ÉÒÔÓÐ 8 ¸ö·ÖÇø£¬±ê¼ÇΪ a-h¡£Óм¸¸ö·ÖÇø±êÇ©ÓÐÌØÊâµÄÓÃ;¡£ a ·ÖÇø±»ÓÃÀ´×÷Ϊ¸ù·ÖÇø(/)¡£ ϵͳ´ÅÅÌ£¨ÀýÈ磺´ÓÄǶùÆô¶¯µÄ·ÖÇø£©±ØÐëÓÐÒ»¸ö a ·ÖÇø¡£b ·ÖÇø±»ÓÃ×÷½»»»·ÖÇø£¬¿ÉÒÔÓúܶà´ÅÅÌÓÃ×÷½» »»·ÖÇø¡£ c ·ÖÇø´ú±íÕû¸öÓ²ÅÌ£¬»òÔÚ FreeBSD slice ģʽÏ´ú±íÕû¸ö slice¡£ÆäËü·ÖÇø×÷Ϊһ°ã·ÖÇøÀ´Ê¹Óá£

    sysinstall µÄ±êÇ©±à¼­Æ÷Óà e ±íʾ·Ç root ºÍ·Ç swap ·ÖÇø¡£ÔÚ±êÇ©±à¼­Æ÷ÖУ¬¿ÉÒÔʹÓüüÈë C ´´½¨Ò»¸öÎļþϵͳ¡£µ±ÌáʾÕâÊÇ·ñÊÇÒ»¸ö FS£¨Îļþϵͳ£©»ò swap ʱ£¬Ñ¡Ôñ FS£¬È»ºó¸ø³öÒ»¸ö¼ÓÔØµã£¨È磺 /mnt£©¡£ µ±ÔÚ post-install ģʽʱÌí¼ÓÒ»¸ö´ÅÅÌ£¬ sysinstall ²»»áÔÚ /etc/fstab Öд´½¨¼Ç¼£¬ËùÒÔÊÇ·ñÖ¸¶¨¼ÓÔØµã²¢²»ÖØÒª¡£

    ÏÖÔÚÒѾ­×¼±¸°Ñбêǩдµ½´ÅÅÌÉÏ£¬È»ºó´´½¨Ò»¸öÎļþϵͳ£¬¿ÉÒÔ°´Ï W¡£³öÏÖÈκδíÎ󶼻᲻ÄÜ´´½¨ÐµķÖÇø¡£¿ÉÒÔÍ˳ö±êÇ©±à¼­ Æ÷È»ºóÖØÐÂÖ´ÐÐ sysinstall ¡£

  4. Íê³É

    ÏÂÃæÒ»²½¾ÍÊDZ༭ /etc/fstab£¬ÎªÄúµÄ´ÅÅÌÌí¼ÓÒ»¸öР¼Ç¼¡£

18.3.2 ʹÓÃÃüÁîÐй¤¾ß

18.3.2.1 ʹÓà Slices

¡¡¡¡Õâ²½°²×°½«ÔÊÐí´ÅÅÌÓë¿ÉÄܰ²×°ÔÚÄú¼ÆËã»úÉÏµÄÆäËü²Ù×÷ϵͳһÆð ÕýÈ·¹¤×÷£¬¶ø²»»á¸ãÂÒÆäËü²Ù×÷ϵͳµÄ·ÖÇø¡£ÍƼöʹÓÃÕâÖÖ·½·¨À´°²×° дÅÅÌ£¬³ý·ÇÄúÓиüºÃµÄÀíÓÉÔÙʹÓà dedicated ģʽ£¡

# dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/da1 bs=1k count=1
# fdisk -BI da1 #³õʼ»¯Ð´ÅÅÌ
# bsdlabel -B -w da1s1 auto #¼ÓÉϱêÇ©
# bsdlabel -e da1s1 # ÏÖÔڱ༭Äú¸Õ²Å´´½¨µÄ´ÅÅÌ·ÖÇø
# mkdir -p /1
# newfs /dev/da1s1e # ΪÄú´´½¨µÄÿ¸ö·ÖÇøÖØ¸´Õâ¸ö²Ù×÷
# mount /dev/da1s1e /1 # ¹ÒÉÏ·ÖÇø
# vi /etc/fstab # Íê³ÉÖ®ºó£¬Ìí¼ÓºÏÊʵļǼµ½ÄúµÄ /etc/fstabÎļþ¡£

¡¡¡¡Èç¹ûÓÐÒ»¸ö IDE ´ÅÅÌ£¬¼ÇµÃÒªÓà ad Ìæ»»Ç°ÃæµÄ da¡£

18.3.2.2 רÓÃģʽ

¡¡¡¡Èç¹ûÄú²¢Ã»Óа²×°ÆäËüµÄ²Ù×÷ϵͳ£¬¿ÉÒÔʹÓà dedicated ģʽ¡£¼ÇסÕâÖÖģʽ¿ÉÄÜ»áŪÂÒ Microsoft µÄ²Ù×÷ϵͳ£¬µ«²»»á¶ÔËü½øÐÐÆÆ»µ¡£ Ëü²»Ê¶±ðÕÒµ½µÄ IBM OS/2® µÄ ¡°appropriate¡± ·ÖÇø¡£

# dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/da1 bs=1k count=1
# bsdlabel -Bw da1 auto
# bsdlabel -e da1                               # ´´½¨ `e' ·ÖÇø
# newfs /dev/da1e
# mkdir -p /1
# vi /etc/fstab                               # Ϊ /dev/da1eÌí¼ÓÒ»¸ö¼Ç¼
# mount /1

¡¡¡¡ÁíÒ»ÖÖ·½·¨£º

# dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/da1 count=2
# bsdlabel /dev/da1 | bsdlabel -BR da1 /dev/stdin
# newfs /dev/da1e
# mkdir -p /1
# vi /etc/fstab                                       # Ϊ /dev/da1eÌí¼ÓÒ»¸ö¼Ç¼
# mount /1

±¾ÎĵµºÍÆäËüÎĵµ¿É´ÓÕâÀïÏÂÔØ£ºftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/doc/.

Èç¹û¶ÔÓÚFreeBSDÓÐÎÊÌ⣬ÇëÏÈÔĶÁÎĵµ£¬Èç²»Äܽâ¾öÔÙÁªÏµ<questions@FreeBSD.org>.
¹ØÓÚ±¾ÎĵµµÄÎÊÌâÇë·¢ÐÅÁªÏµ <doc@FreeBSD.org>.