¡¡¡¡sendmail(8) ÊÇ FreeBSD ÖеÄĬÈÏÓʼþ´«Êä´úÀí (MTA)¡£ sendmail µÄÈÎÎñÊÇ´ÓÓʼþÓû§´úÀí (MUA) ½ÓÊÕÓʼþÈ»ºó¸ù¾ÝÅäÖÃÎļþµÄ¶¨Òå°ÑËüÃÇË͸øÅäÖúõĵļÄËͳÌÐò¡£ sendmail Ò²ÄܽÓÊÜÍøÂçÁ¬½Ó£¬ ²¢ÇÒ·¢ËÍÓʼþµ½±¾µØÓÊÏä»òÕß·¢ËÍËüµ½ÆäËü³ÌÐò¡£
¡¡¡¡sendmail ʹÓÃÏÂÁÐÅäÖÃÎļþ£º
ÎļþÃû | ¹¦ÄÜ |
---|---|
/etc/mail/access | sendmail ·ÃÎÊÊý¾Ý¿âÎļþ |
/etc/mail/aliases | ÓÊÏä±ðÃû |
/etc/mail/local-host-names | sendmail ½ÓÊÕÓʼþÖ÷»úÁбí |
/etc/mail/mailer.conf | ÓʼÄÅäÖóÌÐò |
/etc/mail/mailertable | Óʼþ·Ö·¢Áбí |
/etc/mail/sendmail.cf | sendmailµÄÖ÷ÅäÖÃÎļþ |
/etc/mail/virtusertable | ÐéÄâÓû§ºÍÓòÁбí |
¡¡¡¡·ÃÎÊÊý¾Ý¿â¶¨ÒåÁËʲôÖ÷»ú»òÕß IP µØÖ·¿ÉÒÔ·ÃÎʱ¾µØÓʼþ·þÎñÆ÷ºÍËüÃÇÊÇÄÄÖÖÀàÐ͵ķÃÎÊ¡£
Ö÷»ú¿ÉÄÜ»áÁгö OK
¡¢ REJECT
¡¢RELAY
»òÕß¼òµ¥µÄͨ¹ý sendmail µÄ³ö´í´¦Àí³ÌÐò¼ì²âÒ»¸ö¸ø¶¨µÄÓʼþ´íÎó¡£ Ö÷»úĬÈÏÁгö
OK
£¬ÔÊÐí´«ËÍÓʼþµ½Ö÷»ú£¬ Ö»ÒªÓʼþµÄ×îºóÄ¿µÄµØÊDZ¾µØÖ÷»ú¡£Áгö
REJECT
½«¾Ü¾øËùÓеÄÓʼþÁ¬½Ó¡£Èç¹û´øÓÐ RELAY
Ñ¡ÏîµÄÖ÷»ú½«±»ÔÊÐíͨ¹ýÕâ¸öÓʼþ·þÎñÆ÷·¢ËÍÓʼþµ½Èκεط½¡£
Àý 28-1. ÅäÖà sendmail µÄ·ÃÎÊÐí¿ÉÊý¾Ý¿â
cyberspammer.com 550 We do not accept mail from spammers FREE.STEALTH.MAILER@ 550 We do not accept mail from spammers another.source.of.spam REJECT okay.cyberspammer.com OK 128.32 RELAY
¡¡¡¡ÔÚÉÏÃæµÄÀý×ÓÖÐÎÒÃÇÓÐ 5 Ìõ¼Ç¼¡£ Óë×ó±ßÁÐ±íÆ¥ÅäµÄ·¢¼þÈËÊܵ½ÓÒ±ßÁÐ±í¶¯×÷µÄÓ°Ïì¡£ ǰ±ßµÄÁ½¸öÀý×Ó¸ø³öÁË sendmail µÄ³ö´í´¦Àí³ÌÐò¼ì²âµ½µÄ´íÎó´úÂë¡£ µ±Ò»¸öÓʼþÓë×ó±ßÁбíÏàÆ¥Åäʱ£¬Õâ¸öÐÅÏ¢»á±»´òÓ¡µ½Ô¶³ÌÖ÷»úÉÏ¡£ ÏÂÒ»Ìõ¼Ç¼¾Ü¾øÀ´×Ô Internet ÉϵÄÒ»¸öÌØ±ðÖ÷»úµÄÓʼþ another.source.of.spam¡£½ÓÏÂÀ´µÄ¼Ç¼ÔÊÐíÀ´×Ô okay.cyberspammer.com µÄÓʼþÁ¬½Ó£¬ ÕâÌõ¼Ç¼±ÈÉÏÃæÄÇÐÐ cyberspammer.com ¸ü׼ȷ¡£¸ü¶àµÄ׼ȷƥÅäʹ²»×¼È·µÄÆ¥ÅäÎÞЧ¡£×îºóÒ»ÐÐÔÊÐíµç×ÓÓʼþ´ÓÖ÷»úºÍ 128.32 ¿ªÍ·µÄ IP µØÖ·×ª·¢¡£ ÕâЩÖ÷»ú½«±»ÔÊÐíͨ¹ýÕą̂Óʼþ·þÎñÆ÷ǰÍùÆäËüÓʼþ·þÎñÆ÷·¢ËÍÓʼþ¡£
¡¡¡¡µ±Õâ¸öÎļþ±»Éý¼¶µÄʱºò£¬Äú±ØÐëÔÚ /etc/mail/ ÔËÐÐ make Éý¼¶Êý¾Ý¿â¡£
¡¡¡¡±ðÃûÊý¾Ý¿â°üº¬Ò»¸öÀ©Õ¹µ½Óû§£¬³ÌÐò»òÕ߯äËü±ðÃûµÄÐéÄâÓÊÏäÁÐ±í¡£ ÏÂÃæÊÇһЩÔÚ /etc/mail/aliases ÖÐʹÓõÄÀý×Ó£º
Àý 28-2. Óʼþ±ðÃû
root: localuser ftp-bugs: joe,eric,paul bit.bucket: /dev/null procmail: "|/usr/local/bin/procmail"
¡¡¡¡Õâ¸öÎļþµÄ¸ñʽºÜ¼òµ¥£» ðºÅ×ó±ßµÄÓÊÏäÃû£¬ »á±»Õ¹¿ª³ÉÓұߵÄÐÎʽ¡£
µÚÒ»¸öÀý×Ó¼òµ¥µØ½« root ÓÊÏäÀ©Õ¹Îª localuser£¬ Ö®ºó½«¼ÌÐøÔÚ±ðÃûÊý¾Ý¿âÖнøÐвéÕÒ¡£ Èç¹ûûÓÐÕÒµ½Æ¥ÅäµÄ¼Ç¼£¬
ÔòÓʼþ»á±»·¢¸ø±¾µØÓû§ localuser¡£
µÚ¶þ¸öÀý×ÓչʾÁËÒ»¸öÓʼþÁÐ±í¡£ ·¢Ë͵½ ftp-bugs µÄÓʼþ»á±»Õ¹¿ª³É
joe£¬ eric ºÍ paul ÕâÈý¸öÓÊÏä¡£ ×¢ÒâÒ²¿ÉÒÔͨ¹ý <user@example.com>
ÕâÑùµÄÐÎʽÀ´Ö¸¶¨Ô¶³ÌµÄÓÊÏä¡£
½ÓÏÂÀ´µÄÀý×ÓչʾÁËÈçºÎ°ÑÓʼþдÈëµ½ÎļþÖУ¬ Õâ¸öÀý×ÓÖÐÊÇ /dev/null¡£ ×îºóÒ»¸öÀý×ÓչʾÁËÈçºÎ½«Óʼþ·¢¸øÒ»¸ö³ÌÐò£¬ ¾ßÌå¶øÑÔÊÇͨ¹ý
UNIX® ¹ÜµÀ·¢µ½ /usr/local/bin/procmail µÄ±ê×¼ÊäÈë¡£
¡¡¡¡¸üдËÎļþʱ£¬ ÄúÐèÒªÔÚ /etc/mail/ ÖÐʹÓà make À´¸üÐÂÊý¾Ý¿â¡£
¡¡¡¡ÕâÊÇÒ»¸ö sendmail(8) ±»½ÓÊÜΪһ¸ö±¾µØÖ÷»úÃûµÄÖ÷»úÃûÁÐ±í¡£ ¿ÉÒÔ·ÅÈëÈκΠsendmail ½«´ÓÄÇÀïÊÕ·¢ÓʼþµÄÓòÃû»òÖ÷»ú¡£ÀýÈ磬Èç¹ûÕâ¸öÓʼþ·þÎñÆ÷´ÓÓò example.com ºÍÖ÷»ú mail.example.com ½ÓÊÕÓʼþ£¬ËüµÄ local-host-names Îļþ£¬¿ÉÒÔ¿´ÆðÀ´ÏóÈçÏÂÕâÑù£º
example.com mail.example.com
¡¡¡¡µ±Õâ¸öÎļþ±»Éý¼¶£¬sendmail(8) ±ØÐëÖØÐÂÆô¶¯£¬ÒÔ±ã¸üÐÂÉèÖá£
¡¡¡¡sendmailµÄÖ÷ÅäÖÃÎļþ sendmail.cf ¿ØÖÆ×Å sendmail µÄËùÓÐÐÐΪ£¬ °üÀ¨´ÓÖØÐ´ÓʼþµØÖ·µ½´òÓ¡¾Ü¾øÔ¶³ÌÓʼþ·þÎñÆ÷ÐÅÏ¢µÈËùÓÐÊ¡£ µ±È»£¬×÷Ϊһ¸ö²»Í¬µÄ½ÇÉ«£¬Õâ¸öÅäÖÃÎļþÊÇÏ൱¸´Ôӵģ¬ ËüµÄϸ½Ú²¿·ÖÒѾ³¬³öÁ˱¾½ÚµÄ·¶Î§¡£ÐÒÔ˵ÄÊÇ£¬ Õâ¸öÎļþ¶ÔÓÚ±ê×¼µÄÓʼþ·þÎñÆ÷À´ËµºÜÉÙÐèÒª±»¸Ä¶¯¡£
¡¡¡¡sendmail Ö÷ÅäÖÃÎļþ¿ÉÒÔÓà m4(1) ºê¶¨Òå sendmail µÄÌØÐÔºÍÐÐΪ¡£ËüµÄϸ½ÚÇë¿´ /usr/src/contrib/sendmail/cf/README¡£
¡¡¡¡µ±Õâ¸öÎļþ±»ÐÞ¸Äʱ£¬ sendmail ±ØÐëÖØÐÂÆô¶¯ÒÔ±ã¶ÔÐÂÐÞ¸ÄÉúЧ¡£
¡¡¡¡virtusertable Ó³ÉäÐéÄâÓòÃûºÍÓÊÏäµ½ÕæÊµµÄÓÊÏä¡£ ÕâЩÓÊÏä¿ÉÒÔÊDZ¾µØµÄ¡¢Ô¶³ÌµÄ¡¢/etc/mail/aliases Öж¨ÒåµÄ±ðÃû»òÒ»¸öÎļþ¡£
Àý 28-3. ÐéÄâÓòÓʼþÓ³ÉäµÄÀý×Ó
root@example.com root postmaster@example.com postmaster@noc.example.net @example.com joe
¡¡¡¡ÔÚÉÏÃæÕâ¸öÀý×ÓÖУ¬ ÎÒÃÇÓ³ÉäÁËÒ»¸öÓò example.com¡£
Õâ¸öÎļþÊǰ´ÕÕ´ÓÉϵ½Ï£¬ Ê׸öÆ¥ÅäµÄ·½Ê½À´´¦ÀíµÄ¡£ µÚÒ»Ï <root@example.com>
Ó³Éäµ½±¾µØÓÊÏä root¡£
ÏÂÒ»ÏîÔò½« <postmaster@example.com>
Ó³É䵽λÓÚ
noc.example.net µÄ postmaster¡£ ×îºó£¬
Èç¹ûûÓÐÀ´×Ô example.com µÄÆ¥Å䣬 Ôò½«Ê¹ÓÃ×îºóÒ»ÌõÓ³É䣬
Ëü±íʾ½«ËùÓÐµÄÆäËüÓʼþ·¢¸ø example.com ÓòµÄij¸öÈË¡£ ÕâÑù£¬
½«Ó³Éäµ½±¾µØÐÅÏä joe¡£
±¾ÎĵµºÍÆäËüÎĵµ¿É´ÓÕâÀïÏÂÔØ£ºftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/doc/.
Èç¹û¶ÔÓÚFreeBSDÓÐÎÊÌ⣬ÇëÏÈÔĶÁÎĵµ£¬Èç²»Äܽâ¾öÔÙÁªÏµ<questions@FreeBSD.org>.
¹ØÓÚ±¾ÎĵµµÄÎÊÌâÇë·¢ÐÅÁªÏµ <doc@FreeBSD.org>.